191results about How to "Reduce maintenance times" patented technology

The invention relates to the field of industrial automation and equipment maintenance, and discloses a boiler operation state real-time monitoring and regular safety inspection method, which comprises the following steps: acquiring key parameters of an industrial boiler operation state in real time through a plurality of sensors, including pressure, temperature, water level and combustion condition; and transmitting data collected by the sensor to a data processing platform, wherein the data processing platform integrates a big data analysis module, an artificial intelligence algorithm module and a historical data comparison module. Through a linkage mechanism of the data processing platform and the industrial boiler control system, operation parameters can be automatically adjusted; necessary safety measures are prompted to be taken through continuous on-line monitoring and alarming of boiler load and water quality. An artificial intelligence algorithm is introduced, dynamic maintenance cycle adjustment is realized, unnecessary maintenance is reduced, and the maintenance cost is reduced; the remote monitoring and control system supports real-time monitoring and remote control, and improves the flexibility of operation and maintenance and the fault response speed.

The invention relates to the technical field of rock drilling equipment, in particular to mine rock blasting drilling equipment and a blasting method. The equipment comprises a drill rod, a sliding mechanism and a driving mechanism, the middle of the drill rod is provided with an airflow channel, and the front end is connected with a pneumatic impactor and an impact drill bit; the sliding mechanism comprises a sliding rail, a sliding seat and a pushing mechanism; and the driving mechanism realizes rotation of the drill rod through the power device, the base and the positioning sleeve. Particularly, the pre-pressing buffering device can provide compressed air for the drill rod and provide elastic thrust, and it is guaranteed that the drill rod works stably. In addition, the transmission efficiency is improved through the meshing design of the transmission part and the abutting part of the drill rod, meanwhile, a multi-stage buffering structure is arranged, and the service life of equipment is effectively prolonged. The technical effects that the drilling efficiency is improved, the energy consumption is reduced, and the equipment reliability is enhanced are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration control, in particular to a water cooling system, a control method and a first-stage water cooling assembly, the water cooling system comprises a first circulation loop piece, a first control piece and a first adjusting piece, the first control piece is arranged on the first circulation loop piece, and the first adjusting piece is arranged on the first circulation loop piece; the second-stage water cooling assembly comprises a second circulation loop piece, a second control piece and a second adjusting piece, the second circulation loop piece is arranged on the first control piece and the first adjusting piece, the second control piece is arranged on the second circulation loop piece, the second adjusting piece is arranged on the second circulation loop piece, and the second control piece is arranged on the second circulation loop piece. Through interaction between the first-stage water cooling assembly and the second-stage water cooling assembly and combination of fuzzy control through PID, when semiconductor equipment and a particle accelerator operate, the water inlet temperature of a load can be accurately controlled.

The utility model discloses a pressure regulating silencer with a deslagging function, which comprises a silencing pipe, a pressure regulating sleeve sleeved on the silencing pipe and a silencing outer sleeve sleeved outside the pressure regulating sleeve, a silencing chamber is formed between the silencing pipe and the silencing outer sleeve, a deslagging silencing hole communicated with the silencing chamber is arranged on the silencing pipe, and a deslagging hole is arranged on the silencing outer sleeve. The residue discharging holes are formed in the silencing outer sleeve, so that independent residue discharging paths are formed among the residue discharging silencing holes in the silencing pipe, the silencing chamber between the silencing pipe and the silencing outer sleeve and the residue discharging holes in the silencing outer sleeve, and residues do not need to enter the nail fixing device any more. The nail fixing device effectively prevents the residues from entering the nail fixing device to cause corrosion, jamming and other damage to key components (such as a firing pin assembly), greatly prolongs the service life of related equipment components, reduces the maintenance frequency and cost caused by component damage, does not need to disassemble and assemble the nail fixing device main body to clean the residues in the nail fixing device, and improves the working efficiency. And the overall reliability and stability of the equipment are improved.

The invention relates to an aging correction method for a nitrogen-oxygen sensor, which comprises the following steps of: measuring and calculating an aging correction coefficient, archiving the aging correction coefficient into an aging correction module, and extracting data in real time by using the aging correction module, so that the output value of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor is corrected, and after a probe is aged, the output value of the nitrogen-oxygen sensor is corrected. A relatively accurate numerical value can still be output, namely, aging of a probe is offset by using a correction part, an aging correction coefficient can be obtained by looking up a table in combination with accumulated working time, accumulated driving mileage and daily driving working conditions after the nitrogen-oxygen sensor is loaded and parameters such as NOx and O2 concentrations measured for a long time, and the value is multiplied by an output coefficient, so that the aging correction coefficient is obtained. And the output precision can be improved.

The invention discloses an unmanned logistics vehicle emergency braking system and method and a vehicle, and belongs to the field of vehicle braking. The system comprises a main power supply module, a redundant power supply module, a power supply switching module, an EPB emergency braking module and a vehicle control unit, and the main power supply module and the redundant power supply module are electrically connected with the power supply switching module; the power supply switching module is electrically connected with the EPB emergency braking module; and the main power supply module, the redundant power supply module, the power supply switching module and the vehicle control unit are respectively in communication connection with the EPB emergency braking module. According to the invention, the emergency braking system of the unmanned logistics vehicle can still be normally started under the condition of power failure, so that the driving safety of the unmanned vehicle is guaranteed.

The invention discloses an opening mechanism and a weaving machine, the opening mechanism comprises a heald frame array, the heald frame array comprises a plurality of heald frames distributed along a first direction array; the support is used for being connected with a rack of the weaving machine; the linear driving module comprises at least two sets of linear driving units, each linear driving unit comprises a plurality of direct driving units, each direct driving unit comprises a stator module and a rotor module, the stator modules are connected to the support, and the rotor modules are in sliding fit with the stator modules. Each heald frame is connected to the rotor module of the corresponding direct drive unit, so that each rotor module drives the corresponding heald frame to reciprocate up and down, the direct drive units in each group of linear drive units extend in the second direction and are sequentially arranged in a staggered manner in the first direction, and the direct drive units in each group of linear drive units are arranged in a staggered manner in the second direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. According to the technical scheme, the shedding mechanism can directly and freely adjust the running stroke and state of the heald frame, and is simple and reliable in structure and stable in performance.

A plate and frame filter press belongs to the field of filter presses, and includes a cooling or heating device, a frame, a feed port, a thrust plate, a filter plate group, a beam, a clamping plate, a power cylinder, a flap driving device, a flap supporting device, and a flap; the cooling or heating device is installed near the frame, and includes a medium circulation device and a pipeline; the medium circulation device includes a driving motor, a circulation pump, and a medium storage device; it has the characteristics of being able to adapt to different temperature requirements of the filtered material and reduce damage to the flap and the flap supporting device.

The utility model provides a belt type conveyer belt replacing device which comprises an upper layer belt, a turnabout drum is arranged below the upper layer belt, a new belt winding drum is arranged on the side portion of the turnabout drum, a new belt is wound on the new belt winding drum, the upper layer belt is connected with the new belt through a first fixing clamping plate, and the upper layer belt is connected with the new belt through a second fixing clamping plate. A lower belt is arranged below the turnabout drum, an old belt drum is arranged on the side portion of the new belt drum, an old belt is wound on the old belt drum, the lower belt is connected with the old belt through a second fixing clamping plate, a drum large gear is arranged on the outer side of the old belt drum, and the old belt drum conducts transmission through the drum large gear. A winding drum pinion is arranged at the bottom of the winding drum large gear, the winding drum large gear is driven by the winding drum pinion, and a supporting frame is arranged below the old belt winding drum. The belt replacing device is used for belt replacing operation of the mine belt conveyor, the injury risk of operators can be reduced, and the belt replacing efficiency is improved.

The utility model provides an intelligent spinning lead frame, which belongs to the technical field of spinning processing and comprises a bottom plate, a lifting component, a guide component and a sleeve rod are arranged above the bottom plate, a lead rod is arranged on one side of the sleeve rod, the guide component comprises a guide plate, an air bag, a fixed cylinder and a sliding cylinder, and the sliding cylinder is connected with an elastic rod, a buffer spring and a cleaning brush. An exhaust hole is formed in the side wall of the sliding cylinder, and a vent hole is formed in the center of one elastic rod. The silk yarn cleaning device has the advantages that the surface of silk yarn is cleaned through the cleaning brush, the air bag is extruded through the elastic rod, so that the corresponding buffer spring is compressed and stretched, stress is absorbed, the silk yarn is prevented from being broken, air in the air bag is discharged into the sliding barrel through the butt joint hole, the exhaust hole and the vent hole, the cleaning brush is blown, and the cleaning effect is improved. Dust on the surface of the textile thread is cleaned, meanwhile, accumulation of attachments on the surface of the cleaning brush is avoided, the cleaning effect is improved, the cleaning and maintaining frequency is reduced, and cost is saved.

The invention discloses a method and equipment for determining a fault solution and a program product, and relates to the technical field of electronic digital data processing. According to the method, when the equipment breaks down, the user operation process is determined based on the equipment operation data, the user operation process is compared with the standard operation process, if the comparison result of the user operation process and the standard operation process is inconsistent, the key field is determined according to the user operation process, and then the user operation process is determined according to the key field. Similar fault cases are determined in a fault knowledge base, corresponding fault solutions are determined based on the similar fault cases, and the fault knowledge base is a database containing historical equipment fault cases and can store and manage fault information in a centralized mode; therefore, the existing solution can be quickly searched and applied when similar faults occur in the equipment, the efficiency and accuracy of fault removal are improved, the fault diagnosis time is shortened, and the equipment maintenance time is shortened.

The invention relates to the technical field of fabricated buildings, and provides a fabricated building steel structure connecting component which comprises a first mounting part, the first mounting part is arranged on a bearing column, the first mounting part is provided with a containing cavity and a sliding groove, the sliding groove communicates with the containing cavity, one end of the bearing column is located in the containing cavity, and a mounting cavity is formed by the bearing column and the inner wall of the containing cavity; the second mounting piece is provided with a limiting part and a sliding part, the sliding part is arranged in the sliding groove in a sliding mode, the limiting part is movably arranged in the mounting cavity, the limiting part abuts against or cancels abutting against the cavity wall of the mounting cavity after moving, the connecting piece is arranged on the first mounting piece and used for connecting the steel beam and the second mounting piece, and the fastening bolt sequentially penetrates through the steel beam and the connecting piece. And the first anti-loosening piece is arranged on the second mounting piece in a sliding mode, and the first anti-loosening piece clamps the fastening bolt after sliding and is used for preventing the fastening bolt from rotating. By means of the technical scheme, the problems that in the prior art, an assembly type building steel structure is poor in connecting effect and high in maintenance cost are solved.

The present invention discloses a lighting and pipeline small space layout system for the entrance and exit passage of an elevated station in a rail transit road, which is arranged above the ground of the entrance and exit passage and below the steel beam of the entrance and exit passage canopy; the main body is composed of an integrated device, steel, I-beam and a first landscape lighting fixture, a second landscape lighting fixture, a functional lighting fixture and a wireless light sensor, the integrated device is composed of a first pipe body, a second pipe body, a third pipe body, a vertical pipe body, a reinforced angle steel, a cable compartment, an LED lamp module, bolts and an aluminum single plate, and the lighting facilities are composed of an LED lamp module, an acrylic light-transmitting plate and an aluminum profile. The present invention optimizes the integration of lighting facilities and pipelines, and adopts an intensive design to save about 18% of pipeline hanging materials, facilitate use, inspection and maintenance, reduce the space volume of equipment above the entrance and exit passage, and reduce the project cost. The product is suitable for the entrance and exit passages of all elevated stations in rail transit roads at present, and has excellent economic benefits.

The utility model discloses a multi-point oxygen supply device for freshwater aquaculture, which comprises an oxygen pipeline, and mounting mechanisms are fixedly mounted on one side of the oxygen pipeline at equal intervals in a linear arrangement manner. By the adoption of the structure, the mounting mechanism is arranged, the dismounting, mounting and overhauling efficiency of the oxygen supply assembly can be improved, during mounting during use, the limiting spring pushes the sliding block, the connecting arm and the limiting block to act, the limiting block is clamped with the clamping groove of the external pipe, rapid fixing of the sleeving head and the external pipe is achieved, and the service life of the external pipe is prolonged. During overhauling, the corresponding adjusting valves can be independently adjusted to close a fault pipeline, normal oxygen supply of other assemblies is not affected, meanwhile, the adjusting plates drive the guide frames and the movable blocks to extrude the pushing blocks, the connecting arms are expanded to enable the limiting blocks to be separated from the clamping grooves, the sleeve connectors can be rapidly disassembled, overhauling time is shortened, and the overhauling efficiency is improved. And the maintenance cost is reduced while stable operation of the oxygen supply system is ensured.

The application discloses a detection tool for a door frame assembly, and relates to the technical field of automobile part detection equipment, comprising a detection platform, wherein the detection platform is provided with a positioning unit which is inclined compared with the vertical direction, the detection platform and the positioning unit are an integral structure and are integrally pressure cast by cast iron, and the positioning unit is provided with a positioning groove for positioning the door frame assembly; a plurality of groups of pressing units are arranged at intervals around the end of the positioning groove, the pressing unit comprises a driving piece and a pre-pressing piece, the driving piece can drive the pre-pressing piece to rotate above the positioning groove, so that the end of the door frame assembly is pressed against the positioning groove. The detection platform and the positioning unit for positioning are formed by using an integrated pressure casting process, which can effectively avoid the deformation of the positioning unit during the detection process, reduce wear and tear, and cope with high-order detection and correction operations. The redesigned pressing unit can also automatically and synchronously clamp.

The utility model relates to the technical field of projection, and discloses an exhibition hall human body induction type interactive projection, which comprises an interactive platform with a hollow interior, an interactive plate is fixedly connected on the interactive platform, a support is fixed on the interactive plate, a projection device is arranged at the bottom of the support, and the projection device is connected with the interactive platform. A plurality of heat dissipation holes are formed in the two side walls of the projection device, a heat dissipation assembly used for conducting heat dissipation on the projection device is arranged in the interaction table, and the heat dissipation assembly further comprises a plurality of driving parts. When the human body induction type interactive projection in the exhibition hall provided by the utility model is applied, heat dissipation of the projection device is realized by utilizing kinetic energy generated by walking of a user without additional energy supply, so that the energy consumption is reduced, the environmental load is reduced, and the human body induction type interactive projection conforms to the principles of energy conservation and environmental protection; and meanwhile, energy waste caused by continuous operation of the heat dissipation device is avoided.

The utility model discloses an intelligent large power grid fault detection device comprising a bottom plate, the top of the bottom plate is provided with a housing, one side of the top of the bottom plate is detachably connected with a detection module, and the top of the bottom plate is detachably connected with a control module. The side, away from the detection module, of the top of the bottom plate is detachably connected with a detection assembly, and the intelligent large power grid fault detection device further comprises a protection device arranged above the shell; and the heat dissipation device is arranged above the shell. The utility model relates to the technical field of power grids, and the intelligent large power grid fault detection device can greatly improve the impact resistance of the intelligent large power grid fault detection device through the cooperation of the bottom plate, the housing and the protection device. Therefore, the phenomenon that the intelligent large power grid fault detection device is damaged due to external impact can be avoided to the greatest extent, so that the use safety performance is greatly improved, and convenience is brought to the use of workers.

The utility model provides a continuous conveying belt type conveying device, and relates to the field of conveying devices.The continuous conveying belt type conveying device comprises a base frame, a conveying belt, a supporting frame, a driving motor and a plurality of carrier roller assemblies, each carrier roller assembly comprises a transverse frame and a carrier roller piece, and the transverse frames are evenly and detachably installed on the base frame; the carrier roller pieces are installed on the transverse frames in a one-to-one correspondence mode, rolling cylinders are arranged at the two ends of the base frame, the conveying belt is installed at the outer ends of the rolling cylinders and the carrier roller pieces, the supporting frame is installed at the upper end of the base frame and located above the conveying belt, and the driving motor is installed on the supporting frame. The transverse beam of the carrier roller assembly is detachably connected with the base frame, when one of the transverse beam and the base frame is damaged, the damaged one of the transverse beam and the base frame can be directly replaced, the driving motor is placed on the upper portion of the conveying belt, impurities can be effectively prevented from entering the conveying belt, and the maintenance frequency is reduced.

The present invention discloses a process chamber, semiconductor process equipment and maintenance method, wherein the process chamber comprises a chamber body, a base arranged in the chamber body and a dielectric window arranged on the top of the chamber body, the process chamber further comprises a pressure ring, a cleaning disk and a liquid inlet pipeline, the base is used to carry the cleaning disk during cleaning and maintenance, the cleaning disk is provided with a plurality of spray holes penetrating along the thickness direction thereof, the pressure ring is used to fix the cleaning disk to the base, a gap is provided between the cleaning disk and the base, the gap is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline and the spray holes, the liquid inlet pipeline is used to introduce cleaning liquid, the cleaning liquid can be sprayed through the plurality of the spray holes to cover at least part of the dielectric window. The above scheme can solve the problem of long maintenance time of semiconductor process equipment.

The application discloses an intelligent dust removal device for waste gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant, and relates to the technical field of waste gas treatment.The device comprises a dust removal box, an air inlet fixedly connected to the side wall of the dust removal box, a filter plate fixedly connected to the inside of the dust removal box, and a filter effect real-time detection mechanism and a dust cleaning and collecting mechanism.The device can reduce unnecessary troubleshooting and maintenance frequency, thereby reducing maintenance cost and time cost, and can maintain or replace the clogged or damaged filter plate in time when the filter plate is damaged, so that the continuous and efficient operation of the spray dust removal system can be ensured, and the overall operation efficiency is improved.Further, the device can avoid long-time use of the filter plate without timely maintenance or replacement, so that impurities and particulate matter can be prevented from entering the spray dust removal system, the cleanliness of water resources is ensured, and the overall performance of the spray dust removal system is improved.

The utility model discloses a tubular electric tar precipitator relates to industrial waste gas treatment equipment technical field, it includes casing, inlet pipe, sedimentation pipe subassembly, corona pole, sedimentation pipe subassembly contains a plurality of sedimentation pipes, still includes upper head, lower head, airflow equalizer, tar collection tank, drain pipe, heating jacket and sealing door, and the gas that waits for processing enters casing through inlet pipe, is evenly distributed to each sedimentation pipe by airflow equalizer, under the electric field effect that corona pole generates, and tar is adsorbed in the inner wall of sedimentation pipe, and then is collected to tar collection tank, and heating jacket prevents tar solidification, and is discharged through drain pipe, the utility model discloses has improved tar trapping efficiency and equipment stability, and the practicality is strong, is suitable for industry popularization.

The present invention discloses a beak forming mechanism and a mold for producing air guide plates, which relate to the technical field of molds, and solve the technical problem that the beaks produced by the molds for producing air guide plates in the prior art have insufficient forming strength. The beak forming mechanism of the present invention includes a beak cooling assembly, which is located below the beak accommodating portion, and cools the beak contained in the beak accommodating portion by means of a coolant flowing through the beak cooling assembly. The beak forming mechanism of the present invention cools the beak by adding a beak cooling assembly, so that the beak can be cooled in time after the plastic is formed at high temperature, and the cooling effect on the beak is enhanced, and the strength of the beak is greater than 400N; the beak forming mechanism of the present invention cools the beak by adding a beak cooling assembly, which optimizes the molding quality and cycle of the beak, and avoids shrinkage of the beak and quality abnormalities such as insufficient strength.

A kind of oilfield polymer injection concentric three-channel oil pipe, it includes: coaxially nested three-layer pipe body: outer tube is set in the middle layer pipe of outer tube, and center tube is set in the middle layer pipe;Three independent channels: the first channel is formed by the inner cavity of the center tube, the annular space between the center tube and middle layer pipe forms the second channel, the annular space between the middle layer pipe and outer tube forms the third channel;Channel bridge assembly: be provided with at pipe body both ends, including upper annular channel bridge and lower annular channel bridge;The channel bridge assembly is provided with axial through hole and radial opening respectively connecting first channel, second channel, third channel;Dismountable sealing connection structure: the utility model novel structure, through the unique three-channel design, three different oil layers can be simultaneously carried out three-layer quality boosting injection polymer, improve the pertinence and effectiveness of polymer injection liquid, and then improve oil recovery.

The utility model relates to the technical field of gear reduction, in particular to an efficient energy-saving gear reducer device which comprises a device shell, an input end is arranged on one side of the device shell, and an output end is arranged on the other side of the device shell. A moving assembly is arranged at the top end of the device shell. Fixing assemblies are arranged on the two sides of the device shell correspondingly. Through cooperative use of the circular cover, the fixed circular ring, the disc, the sliding block and the preformed hole, the purpose of adding lubricating oil without overall disassembly can be achieved, the time for shutdown and machine disassembly is shortened, the maintenance time and the labor cost are effectively saved, the operation safety is improved, and the working efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the situation that dust enters lubricating oil and the interior of the device shell is reduced, oil pollution and deterioration can be prevented, the good performance and stability of the lubricating oil are kept, the equipment failure and maintenance requirements are reduced, and therefore the maintenance cost and the maintenance frequency are reduced.

The embodiment of the invention relates to a content label processing method and device, equipment and a medium, and the method comprises the steps: responding to a marking operation on an original document, and adding at least one target label in the original document to obtain a target document; in response to a release triggering operation on the target document, a release editing page is displayed, the release editing page comprises a plurality of editing areas corresponding to the plurality of platforms, and at least one target label is displayed in each editing area; in response to label configuration operation on the plurality of editing areas, determining release labels corresponding to the platforms; and publishing the marked contents of the published labels corresponding to the plurality of platforms in the target document to the corresponding platforms. According to the embodiment of the invention, different contents can be quickly published on different platforms through the labels, the workload and maintenance time consumption are greatly reduced, content display errors caused by disconnection, missing and the like are avoided, and the efficiency and accuracy of content publishing and display are improved.

The utility model discloses corrosion protection coating spraying equipment for a railway track, which comprises a track cart, and a spraying mechanism for spraying the surface of the railway track is fixedly arranged above the track cart. The spraying mechanism comprises a first coating tank, a second coating tank and a coating conveying mechanism, the first coating tank and the second coating tank are fixedly arranged above the track trolley, one end of the coating conveying mechanism is connected with the output end of the first coating tank and the output end of the second coating tank at the same time, and the other opposite end of the coating conveying mechanism can partially extend out of the track trolley and is in transmission connection with a driving source arranged outside the track trolley; the coating nozzles are symmetrically arranged on the two sides of the coating conveying mechanism, one end of each coating nozzle is communicated with a coating mixing pipeline in the middle of the coating conveying mechanism, and the other opposite end of each coating nozzle is in surface contact with the conical surface guide part on the periphery of the track trolley, so that the coating nozzles can partially extend out of the track trolley; and a paint spraying surface in the paint spraying nozzle is arranged below the track trolley in the vertical direction and is used for uniformly spraying the surface of the railway track.

The utility model belongs to printing equipment technical field especially relates to a set type gravure printing machine, including frame, the top of frame is provided with printing workstation, one side of frame bottom is installed with the motor of deflection, the inside swing joint of frame is provided with movable frame, is provided with the motor of deflection and the deflection rod of deflection mechanism on movable frame, the inside installation of movable frame top is driven by motor, the inside rotation of movable frame has two drive screws, the surface screw thread connection of two drive screws has connecting seat, the bottom fixedness of connecting seat has connecting plate, the inside installation of connecting plate has ink scraping subassembly. The set type gravure printing machine provided by the application, ink scraping subassembly realizes quick fixing and dismounting through locking mechanism, does not need special tool, operating personnel only need to rotate hand wheel to complete locking or unlocking, shortens the dismounting time, reduces the maintenance time -consuming, improves production efficiency.

The invention designs a heat dissipation device and a communication system. The heat dissipation device comprises a base body, fins and an ion wind module. The ionic wind module at least comprises a discharge structure and an alternating current power supply, the discharge structure at least comprises a first electrode, a second electrode and a dielectric layer, at least part of the first electrode is exposed in the external environment, and at least part of the second electrode is embedded into the dielectric layer to form an electrode module; one of the first electrode and the second electrode is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the alternating current power supply, the other electrode is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the alternating current power supply, ionic wind can be generated between the first electrode and the second electrode, the heating element is cooled through the ionic wind, and compared with natural convection cooling, the heat dissipation efficiency of the heat dissipation device on the heating element is improved; compared with fan cooling and ion wind cooling, noise generated during operation of the heat dissipation device is reduced, the working stability of the heat dissipation device is improved, the maintenance frequency of the heat dissipation device is reduced, the maintenance period is shortened, and the maintenance cost of the heat dissipation device is reduced.