The invention provides a technological method for comprehensively recovering 
rhenium, 
sulfur and 
arsenic through self-heating volatilization of 
rhenium, 
sulfur and 
arsenic-containing acid mud in a vortex furnace. The method comprises the following steps: 
drying a 
rhenium, 
sulfur and 
arsenic-containing acid mud 
raw material until a material discharged from a 
kiln is loose, adding a 
slag material, finely crushing, feeding into a vortex furnace, and carrying out volatilization and 
smelting, carrying out oxidation and 
exothermic reaction on the furnace material, wherein under the condition that the temperature is increased to 1400 DEG C or above and in an oxidizing 
combustion atmosphere, all rhenate in the furnace charge can be decomposed and volatilized, arsenic is oxidized into As2O3 steam, sulfur is oxidized into SO2 steam, and the As2O3 steam and the SO2 steam enter 
flue gas together; and carrying out rhenium and arsenic enrichment on the high-temperature 
flue gas in a 
flue gas washing 
tower, and feeding SO2 into a subsequent desulfurization 
tower for sulfur 
recovery. According to the method, the heat efficiency is high, more than 50% of energy is saved, high-value rare elements are saved, the direct 
recovery rate is about 10-30% higher, precious resources are effectively saved, the waste 
slag amount is reduced by about 75-90%, the waste 
slag is ferro-
silicon calcium slag which is free of toxic substances and can be utilized, and the problem of secondary environmental 
pollution in a traditional method is thoroughly solved.