The invention discloses an optimized injection system for an underground water in-situ chemical remediation agent. The system comprises a remediation agent injection device, a groundwater monitoring well and a remediation agent injection control system, the remediation agent injection device is composed of a chemical injection tank and a chemical injection well, a throw-in type water quality sensor is arranged in the groundwater monitoring well, the remediation agent injection control system comprises a variable frequency pump, a frequency converter, an electromagnetic flowmeter, a throw-in type static pressure liquidometer and a PLC, the throw-in type static pressure liquidometer is installed in the chemical injection well, the variable frequency pump and the electromagnetic flowmeter areinstalled on a chemical injection pipeline, and the frequency converter, the electromagnetic flowmeter, the throw-in type static pressure liquidometer and the throw-in type water quality sensor are all in circuit connection with the PLC. By means of the injection system, the underground water in-situ remediation agent can be smoothly and continuously injected into pores of the aquifer medium, theagent injection time is shortened, the remediation period is shortened, the reverse grouting phenomenon can be completely avoided in the agent injection remediation process, and the safety of underground water in-situ chemical remediation is improved.