70 results about "Carbon corrosion" patented technology

The invention concerns inhibitor compositions based on fatty sulphydryl acid and poly(ethyleneamino)imidazoline salts for considerably reducing the corrosive effect of carbon brine on iron and ferrous metals. These compositions are as efficient when the corrosive medium is driven with a high flowrate and in biphasic brine/oil medium.

A fuel cell anode flow field includes at least one flow channel with a cross-sectional area that varies along at least a portion of its length. In some embodiments, the channel width decreases along at least a portion of the channel length according to a natural exponential function. This type of anode flow field can improve performance, reduce fuel consumption and/or reduce detrimental effects such as carbon corrosion and catalyst degradation, thereby improving fuel cell longevity and durability. When operating the fuel cell on either a substantially pure or a dilute fuel stream, this type of anode flow field can provide more uniform current density. These flow channels can be incorporated into reactant flow field plates, fuel cells and fuel cell stacks.

A system and method for reducing cathode carbon corrosion during start-up of a fuel cell stack. If a long enough period of time has gone by since the last system shutdown, then both the anode side and the cathode side of the stack will be filled with air. If the system includes split sub-stacks, then a start-up sequence uses a fast hydrogen purge through each sub-stack separately so as to minimize the time of the hydrogen/air front flowing through the anode side of the stacks. The start-up sequence then employs a slow hydrogen purge through the sub-stacks at the same time. If the time from the last shutdown is short enough where a significant amount of hydrogen still exists in the cathode side and the anode side of the sub-stacks, then the fast hydrogen purge can be eliminated, and the start-up sequence proceeds directly to the slow hydrogen purge.

The invention relates to a pipeline steel, especially to a pipeline steel with resistance against carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide corrosion, and also relates to a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of pipeline steel manufacturing technology. The pipeline steel with resistance against carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide corrosion comprises following chemical compositions in mass percent, C 0.02 to 0.08%, Si 0.10 to 0.50%, Mn 0.10 to 0.50%, V 0.01 to 0.20%, Al 0.01 to 0.05%, Cu 0.10 to 0.50%, Cr 2.0 to 6.0%, Ni 0.3% or less, Nb 0.3% or less, Ti 0.3% or less, P 0.02% or less, and S 0.005% or less, with the balance being Fe or impurity elements which are unavoidable. The pipeline steel is resistant against both carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide corrosion, and can be used in an environment with both of the two corrosive gases, and the resistance against carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide corrosion of the pipeline steel is 2 times or more of that of currently used carbon steel.

The invention discloses a contrast simulation testing device for carbon dioxide corrosion resistant performance of steel and a testing method thereof. The device comprises a reaction kettle, a solution pond and a pressure adjusting device, wherein the solution tank is connected with the reaction kettle by a liquid control valve; a heating rod and a heat insulation material are wound on the outer wall of the reaction kettle; a thermal couple and a temperature adjuster are arranged in the reaction kettle; a sample clamp connected with a stirring device is arranged in the reaction kettle; and a pressure adjusting device comprises a CO2 gas tank and an N2 gas tank which are connected with the bottom of the reaction kettle. The method is used for contrasting and simulating a condition that a pipeline steel material is corroded by CO2 in crude oil so as to evaluate corrosion velocity of the steel material of which the temperature is between 90 and 120 DEG C, CO2 partial pressure is between 1 and 2.4MPa in the solution. The CO2 corrosion resistant performance of the steel with different materials, steel levels and thicknesses can be tested at the same time, and the test is convenient and easy. Corrosion simulation test of various oil fields is performed by adjusting the temperature, partial pressure and solution components.

The invention relates to a method for preparing braided packing, in particular to a method for preparing carbon fiber braided packing, which mainly aims to solve problems of causing equipment to be frequently shutdown for inspection and affecting the normal operation of the production due to low tensile strength, easy scouring during the use, short service life, and the need of frequent replacement existing in the prior art. The method also solves the technical problems that certain materials with better strength have no electric conductivity and heat conductivity and can be overheated and burnt when the materials are used under working conditions of high pressure, high temperature and high speed, thereby easily producing dielectric leakage, frequently causing process shutdown, bringing great loss to the production and economy and so on. The method comprises the steps: the adoption of a polyacrylonitrile fiber, constant-temperature filament unwinding, multi-stage pre-oxidation, middle-temperature carbonization, the protection of high temperature carbonization by a micro-oxygen carbon corrosion method, sizing, filament winding, one-step carbon filament pretreatment, pipe inversion, the adjustment of spindle tension, fixed temperature constant control braiding, negative pressure filling and soaking, drying, shaping, inspection, packing and warehouse entry.

The invention relates to an electrochemical treatment device and method for degradation-resistant organic wastewater, and designs a'zero polar distance' SPE (Solid Polymer Electrolysis) electrooxidation sewage treatment electrolytic bath like a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell technology. According to the device, an anode chamber and a cathode chamber are separated by utilizing an ion exchange membrane, the anode with stable titanium-based size, the ion exchange membrane and the nickel cathode are pressed by utilizing an end plate, and a'zero polar distance' SPE electrooxidation sewage treatment electrolytic bath is formed. When the device is subjected to electrolytic operation, the wastewater is electrically oxidized at the anode, so that organic matters and ammonia nitrogen in the water are mineralized and degraded; and running water or the wastewater is introduced into the cathode chamber, and hydrogen separated out due to electrolysis at the cathode is recovered. The device has the advantages that extra supporting electrolyte is not needed to be added, the bath pressure and energy consumption of electrooxidation can be greatly reduced due to the'zero polar distance', and the problem that oxygen (chlorine) and hydrogen separated out in the electrolysis process is solved. In addition, a carbon material is not used, reduction of current efficiency caused by carbon corrosion is avoided, and the reliability and stability of the sewage treatment device are improved. Moreover, continuous water flow is utilized at the cathode, and the scaling and plugging possibility on the cathode side of the ion exchange membrane can be greatly reduced.

The present invention provides an apparatus for effectively preventing carbon corrosion from occurring at the cathode of a fuel cell. The present apparatuses include an air blower supplying air from an air supply source to a fuel cell; a fuel cell receiving air from the air blower to generate electricity by a chemical reaction; an air discharge pipe through which residual air remaining after oxygen of the air is consumed for chemical reaction in the fuel cell is discharged; a pressure sensor provided in the air discharge pipe for detecting air pressure in the fuel cell; an air discharge solenoid valve provided in the air discharge pipe for controlling air flow of the air discharge pipe; and a controller controlling operation of the air blower and the air discharge solenoid valve by receiving a signal detected by the pressure sensor wherein the controller detects the air pressure through the pressure sensor to allow the air blower to supply air to the fuel cell until the air pressure reaches a predetermined pressure and then closes the air discharge solenoid valve until the oxygen in the fuel cell is completely exhausted, thereby preventing the formation of hydrogen/oxygen interface at the anode of the fuel cell.

The invention is directed to a barrier layer for corrosion protection in electrochemical devices, e.g. carbon based gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in electrochemical devices, comprising electrically conductive ceramic material and a non-ionomeric polymer binder. The electrically conductive ceramic material has an electrical conductivity of >0.1 S/cm, preferably >1 S/cm in air atmosphere (as detected by the powder method) and is selected from the group of precious metal and/or base metal containing oxides, carbides, nitrides, borides and mixtures and combinations thereof. Membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs), catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs), gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) and gas diffusion layers (GDLs) comprising the barrier layer of the invention show improved corrosion resistance, preferably against carbon corrosion; particularly in start-up/shut-down cycles and fuel starvation situations of PEM fuel cells.

A fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells, each of the fuel cells including an electrolyte membrane disposed between an anode and a cathode, an anode supply manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, the anode supply manifold providing fluid communication between a source of hydrogen and the anodes, an anode exhaust manifold in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, and a fan in fluid communication with the anodes of the fuel cells, wherein the fan controls a flow of fluid through the anodes of the fuel cells after the fuel cell system is shutdown.

A carbon-free membrane electrode assembly is provided. The carbon-free membrane electrode assembly at least comprises a cathode membrane electrode, an anode membrane electrode and a solid polymer electrolyte membrane used for conducting protons, wherein the cathode membrane electrode at least comprises a porous and electrically-conducting cathode collector plate, a cathode nano-ordered array grown on the surface of the cathode collector plate and a cathode catalytic layer combined on the surface of the cathode nano-ordered array; and the anode membrane electrode at least comprises a porous and electrically-conducting anode collector plate, an anode nano-ordered array grown on the surface of the anode collector plate and an anode catalytic layer combined on the surface of the anode nano-ordered array. The assembly adopts the nano-ordered arrays as carriers for the catalytic layers so that the utilization rate of a catalyst is close to 100%, thus largely improving performance of the catalytic layers. The membrane electrodes are carbon-free, thus facilitating complete solving of a carbon corrosion problem in a fuel cell, thereby largely improving running stability and prolonging the service lifetime of the cell.

The invention provides environment-friendly fluorine-carbon corrosion-prevention coating. The environment-friendly fluorine-carbon corrosion-prevention coating is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 80-100 parts of acrylic modified fluorine-carbon resin emulsion, 2-4 parts of an alkynol auxiliary agent, 3-6 parts of graphene oxide powder, 6-10 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 10-15 parts of a film forming auxiliary agent, 3-7 parts of a salt mist resisting agent, 6-12 parts of a pigment, 5-15 parts of talcum powder and 50-80 parts of de-ionized water. The product provided by the invention has extremely high adhesive force; the binding force between a coating layer and a matrix is high; in a coating composition, a dense interface transition layer is formed by the coating layer with the help of a metal oxide nano material and graphene powder, so that the comprehensive thermodynamic property of the coating is matched with the matrix; and the coating can be sprayed and molded on any curve surface, any inclined surface and any vertical plane and does not have a sagging phenomenon.

A rechargeable horizontally configured tri-electrode single flow zinc-air battery with a floating cathode, which is theoretically capable of providing unlimited cycle life is provided. The tri-electrode configuration consists of one anode and two cathodes, one for charging and one for discharging. The charge cathode may comprise a water permeable alkaline resisting metal/mesh foam, which avoids carbon corrosion. The floating discharge cathode comprises an air permeable and water permeable catalytic oxygen reduction electrode, which eliminates or reduces the blockage of air tunnels. The anode comprises an inert, conductive electrode allowing for zinc deposition during battery charging and zinc dissolving during battery discharging. The flowing electrolyte removes zinc ions from the anode preventing or minimizing the formation of zinc oxides during discharging and cleans the anode after each full discharge. The horizontal configuration further eliminates or reduces electrolyte leakage.

The invention discloses an online detection method of carbon corrosion condition in proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane electrode (MEA). The method tests the carbon corrosion condition of MEA in actual running process using Cox reformer and gad detection equipment. Tail gas of anode outlet or tail gas of cathode outlet of a fuel cell in normal running is fed into the Cox reformer through a gas controller; the tail gas converted by the reformer is fed into the gas detection equipment to obtain the condition of carbon corrosion. The test method comprises a tail gas controller, a gas reformer, catalyst, a temperature controller, a sampling system, the gas detection equipment and a gas pipeline. Through the detection method, the concentration of carbon corrosion product in MEA can be automatically detected on line, and the corrosion condition of carbon accurately can be reflected in time; and furthermore, the detection method is featured by simple test process, easy control and good repeatability.

The invention discloses a fuel cell membrane electrode anti-reverse electrode additive and a preparation method thereof. The additive comprises a self-supporting iridium-cobalt alloy catalyst prepared by using a sodium borohydride reduction method, the antipole resistance of the cell prepared by the additive provided by the invention is remarkably improved, carbon corrosion of an anode catalyst layer and agglomeration of platinum particles caused by antipole can be effectively relieved, and the durability of the fuel cell under complex working conditions is improved.

The invention relates to a preparation method of highly carbonized fiber woven fillers, relating to a preparation method of woven fillers. A polyacrylonitrile fiber wire bundle is processed sequentially through constant-temperature wire discharging, multi-section pre-oxidation, medium-temperature carbonization and high-temperature carbonization in a microaerobic carbon corrosion method; wherein the temperature of the low-temperature section pre-oxidation is 238-280 DEG C, and the temperature of the medium-temperature carbonization is 900-550 DEG C; and nitrogen is adopted as a carbon wire protection gas in the microaerobic carbon corrosion method, and the temperature of the high-temperature carbonization is 1450-1700 DEG C. The prepared highly carbonized fiber woven fillers has good self-lubricating performance, high strength, high modulus, good resistance against high temperature, low temperature and corrosion and good thermal conductivity, can be used for a long time in mediums with particle fluid and in rotation of high linear speed, and can also be used to replace the existing filler products of all materials.

The invention relates to a catalyst carrier for a fuel cell, a catalyst and a preparation method thereof, and the catalyst carrier is prepared by the following steps: adding a carbon carrier into a mixed solution, and then sequentially carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, stirring, sedimentation, suction filtration, drying and roasting to obtain the catalyst carrier for the fuel cell, wherein the mixed solution is a mixture of an oxalic acid solution containing a vanadium precursor and an ethanol water solution. According to the prepared composite carrier, the vanadium oxide with the advantage of acid and alkali resistance is adopted, conversion among vanadium ions with different valence states is preferentially carried out at high potential, carbon corrosion is slowed down, and the durability of the catalyst is improved.

A fuel cell system and a control method thereof are provided. In the system, an oxygen sensor is mounted on the anode inlet side and the anode outlet side of a fuel cell stack to measure an oxygen concentration. Based on the measured oxygen concentration, a control operation is performed on the fuel cell system to reduce the oxygen concentration on the anode side. Accordingly, the irreversible deterioration of the fuel cell occurring due to the reverse voltage of the cell during driving of the fuel cell vehicle and the cathode carbon corrosion occurring due to the inflow of air during parking are effectively reduced, thereby increasing the durability of the fuel cell and the fuel cell vehicle.

The mixed gas of CO and H2 is used for feeding in the start-stop process, and the competitive adsorption characteristic of CO and H2 on the surface of Pt is utilized to lower the anode hydrogen oxidation amount in the start-stop process, thereby lowering the cathode carbon corrosion amount in the start-stop process. The start-stop strategy provided by the invention is more suitable for a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and by utilizing the strategy, the problem of cathode carbon corrosion in the start-stop process can be effectively relieved, the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged to a greater extent, and the durability of the fuel cell is improved.

A rechargeable tri-electrode single flow zinc air battery which is capable of providing theoretically unlimited cycle life is provided. The tri-electrode configuration consists of one anode and two cathodes, one for charging and another for discharging. The charge cathode may comprise a water-permeable metal mesh and/or metal foam, which avoids carbon corrosion. The discharge cathode is a catalytic oxygen reduction electrode. The anode comprises an inert, conductive electrode allowing for zinc deposition during battery charging, and zinc dissolving during battery discharging. The flowing electrolyte removes zinc ions from the anode preventing or minimizing the formation of zinc oxides during discharging, and clean the anode after each full discharge.