The invention belongs to the technical field of organic chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry, and in particular relates to a method for stereoselective preparation of derivatives of pyrane. The method comprises the following steps of: under the protection of inert gases, adding derivatives of 1-p-tolylthio-2-C-glyoxyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose, derivatives of 1-thiophenyl-2-C- glyoxyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose or derivatives of 1-ethylthio p-tolyl-2-C-glyoxyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose, which serve as reactants, into a reactor, adding alcohol, phenol, trimethylsilyl azide or monosaccharide derivatives, adding a solvent such as methylene chloride to dissolve the raw materials, and performing the reaction at the reaction temperature of between 40 DEG C below zero and room temperature in the presence of a catalyst which is N-iodosuccinimide, or N-bromosuccinimide, or copper bromide and tetrabutylammonium bromide, or iodine, bromine simple substance or N-iodosuccinimide and trimethylsilyl triflate, or trifluoromethanesulfonic silver, or paratoluenesulfonic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to obtain the derivatives of pyrane. The method has the advantages of simple operation, high selectivity, low cost, light environmental pollution and the like.