36 results about "Thermal electron" patented technology

Thermionic generators are described herein that include a variety of features that allow the devices to efficiently and effectively convert large amounts of thermal energy directly to electrical energy, such as in the form of currents and / or voltages. For example, the thermionic generators can be used to generate an electron beam from a thermionic emission device, and focus or shape the electron beam in such a way that allows the energy of electrons in the electron beam to be captured and converted to electrical energy.

A device for thermionic arc extinction via anode ion depletion. The device includes a body including an inner compartment. The inner compartment includes at least an arc shield housing at least two arcing contacts, wherein the two arcing contacts are zinc-plated. The at least two zinc-plated arcing contacts further comprise a thickness and contact area customized based on a desired corrosion time of the zinc, wherein the corrosion time corresponds to extinction of the arc. A sensor is associated with the device. The sensor is configured to operate the movement of the at least two arcing contacts.

The invention discloses an ion enthalpy flux testing device and an ion enthalpy flux testing method for lightning return stroke damage analysis. The testing device comprises a metal net and a low-melting-point metal layer; the metal net is grounded and is used for leading out heat and electrons generated in the lightning return stroke process; the low-melting-point metal layer is not grounded, and an air gap is formed between the low-melting-point metal layer and the metal net; during application, ions generated in the return stroke of thunder and lightning pass through the metal net and then reach the low-melting-point metal layer through air gaps, and bombard the low-melting-point metal layer to generate hot melting damage; the ablation volume on the low-melting-point metal layer is used for representing the ion enthalpy flux. Separation of Joule heat, electron enthalpy flux and ion enthalpy flux is achieved, quantitative measurement of the ion enthalpy flux is achieved, and the accuracy of accumulative damage evaluation can be improved when the device is applied to lightning return stroke damage analysis.

The utility model discloses a hand -held formula's magnetothermal electron pulse physiotherapy instrument belongs to physiotherapy instrument technical field, including upper frame, middle frame, bottom frame and base, the periphery both sides symmetry of upper frame are fixed with handle frame, the handle frame is wrapped with handle rubber, be provided with the control knob of rotation installation with upper frame between handle frame, the bottom surface of bottom frame is provided with physiotherapy mechanism, through design a kind of integrated physiotherapy mechanism, two groups of electrode disc outside are connected into circuit board through electrode column and realize pulse physiotherapy, the center of inner bottom is fixed with permanent magnetic paste and realizes magnetotherapy, the periphery of permanent magnetic paste is wound with heating coil and realizes heat therapy, three kinds of physiotherapy components are unified package, unified access PCB control board control, is controlled by the external single control knob adjustment, integration into a whole, reduce various wire harness and accessory cooperation, more adapt to with whole body meridian do whole body movement and treat, patients can self -help operation and use.

The invention provides cathodoluminescent lamps with improved optical stability and extended lifetimes through advanced enclosure and electron emission configurations. A filament emits electrons via thermionic emission, which are accelerated by an anode toward a cathodoluminescent emitter to produce photons. The vacuum enclosure comprises glass, fused silica, and metal portions coupled with vacuum-compatible epoxy, with the metal providing thermal and electrical conduction. The lamp can include anode current monitoring and filament power control to stabilize emission. An electrically activated getter maintains vacuum conditions by chemically bonding contaminants and can be refreshed over time. The designs enable effective vacuum maintenance, stable operation, and long-term reliability suitable for commercial applications.

The application discloses a method for inhibiting thermionic emission based on TTM-MD simulation, which adjusts the energy distribution and delay time of double pulses to regulate the electron temperature, and obtains the maximum delay time introduced under the condition of meeting the processing requirements according to the relationship between the temperature rising time and the delay. The method can obtain the maximum delay introduced under the condition of meeting the processing requirements, reduces the electron temperature, and inhibits the thermionic emission.

The present disclosure relates to a system which may have an electronic controller, an optical light source controlled by the electronic controller which generates a beam having an output power level, and a current measuring subsystem (CMS) electrically coupled to a conductive substrate (e.g., metal substrate (MS)) while a powder bed layer (PBL) is deposited on the MS. The CMS may be in communication with the electronic controller and detects a current flow as at least one of the MS or the PBL is heated when the beam is scanned over the PBL. The CMS generates a current flow signal in accordance with the detected current flow. The current flow signal is used by the electronic controller to determine when the temperature of at least one of the substrate or the PBL is at least one of above or below a desired temperature.

The present disclosure proposes an improved heat resistant base for electronic equipment having transparency, heat resistance and mechanical strength and also having superior optical properties and quality, and thereby capable of replacing a transparent glass base. The present disclosure is accomplished by the heat resistant base for electronic equipment including a polyimide-based resin and a hollow particle, wherein a plurality of the hollow particles are dispersed and present in the polyimide-based resin, and the hollow particle has an average particle diameter of greater than or equal to 10 nm and less than or equal to 300 nm.

The invention discloses a waveguide integrated superconductive heat electronic bolometer, a preparation method thereof and a testing device, the waveguide integrated superconductive heat electronic bolometer comprises a silicon-based ridge waveguide used for transmitting terahertz signals; the terahertz coupler is prepared on the upper surface of the silicon-based ridge waveguide, the terahertz coupler is of a metal coupling structure capable of being coupled with TM-mode terahertz waves, and the terahertz coupler is used for coupling out energy of TM-mode terahertz signals transmitted in the silicon-based ridge waveguide and converging the energy to the central area of the terahertz signals to form local enhancement of an electric field; and the superconductive heat electronic bolometer is fixed on the silicon-based ridge waveguide through a chip mounting process, and a heat sensing part of the superconductive heat electronic bolometer is accurately positioned in a central area of the terahertz coupler and is used for absorbing converged terahertz energy. According to the invention, a high-performance superconducting detector is combined with a silicon-based terahertz device, the space coupling alignment problem of a terahertz frequency band and the process compatibility problem of heterogeneous materials are solved, and the terahertz terahertz detector has the advantages of small size, high coupling efficiency, easiness in large-scale on-chip integration, good polarization selectivity and the like.

This invention discloses an immersion-type rapid heat dissipation device for core heat-generating electronic components of charging piles, relating to the field of heat dissipation technology. The device includes a container with an opening on one side. At least two chambers are formed vertically from one side to the other on the container. One chamber is adjacent to the non-open side of the container, and the other chamber is located on the open side, allowing communication with the outside. The two chambers are interconnected. Two plates are movably disposed based on the opening on the container. This immersion-type rapid heat dissipation device for core heat-generating electronic components of charging piles, on the one hand, minimizes the adverse effects of external factors contaminating the coolant in the heat dissipation space during the disassembly and assembly of the heat-generating components. On the other hand, for heat-generating components such as immersion liquid-cooled devices, this invention provides a standardized drying process window, making the installation process more standardized and enabling on-site maintenance of immersion liquid-cooled equipment.

The invention provides a thermal electron energy loss simulation calculation method based on balanced pulses and application thereof, and the calculation method comprises the following steps: according to set laser parameters, based on formulas (1) and (2), employing LAMMPS software to calculate and obtain a Te-t relationship; wherein S is a function of S (z, t) and is obtained according to a formula (3); according to the relation of Te-t, the instantaneous thermal electron emission current density J (t) is calculated by adopting a formula (4); a formula (5) is adopted to calculate the thermal electron emission energy flux density qem (t); time integration is carried out on qem (t), and energy loss caused by hot electron emission in the double-pulse process is obtained through a formula (6). According to the technical scheme, energy loss caused by hot electron emission in the double-pulse process can be calculated according to the laser parameters, and therefore sintering quality is improved while hot electron emission is restrained by adjusting energy distribution and delay time of the double pulses.

A device may include a thermal interface configured to receive heat from a heat-generating electronic component. A device may include an electrically conductive working fluid in contact with the thermal interface to receive heat from the thermal interface. A device may include a magnetic pump configured to apply a magnetic field and an electrical current to the electrically conductive working fluid. A device may include a heat exchanger in thermal communication with the electrically conductive working fluid to exhaust heat from the electrically conductive working fluid.

To provide an ion source and an accelerator, as well as a method for generating ions and accelerating those ions in the ion source.SOLUTION: A nuclear reaction generation device includes a chamber configured to contain gas and include a target. The nuclear reaction generation device also includes a filament provided within the chamber and a voltage source configured to apply a first positive voltage to the filament relative to the chamber. The first positive voltage is configured to heat the filament to a temperature that causes thermionic emission and generates multiple thermions. The multiple thermions are configured to ionize the gas and generate positive ions in the chamber. The target is configured such that nuclear reactions occur when the positive ions interact with the target.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The present invention relates to the specific ways in which the material C12A7:e- ("electride") is used as an electrode and more specifically as a cathode and more specifically as an electron-emitting cathode in all applications capable of using this property, such as electron-emitting cathodes for ion thrusters and neutralizers in aerospace applications, cathodes and electrodes in general that interact with ions, whether in a gaseous (plasma) or liquid (electrolysis, water treatment, hydrogen generation) or a combination of both liquid and gaseous (hydrogen fuel cell) as well as active catalysts (polarized) for the synthesis and decomposition of certain compounds (specifically ammonia). The invention focuses on maximizing the material's properties as a cathode and its stable operation under different conditions, using specific pulsed polarization techniques that are precisely adapted to the nature of the material.

The invention provides a heat flow and temperature composite sensor based on hot electron emission and a measurement method, relates to the field of thermotechnical measurement, and aims to solve the problems that high-precision in-situ, synchronous and reliable monitoring is difficult to realize due to separated measurement in an extremely high-temperature and high-heat-flow environment in the conventional thermotechnical measurement technology. The method comprises the following steps: placing a hot electron cathode of the sensor in a to-be-measured heat flow field, and enabling the hot electron cathode to absorb heat flow and raise the temperature; after the hot electron cathodes are heated to generate hot electron emission, electron flows are formed between the hot electron cathodes and the corresponding hot electron anodes; collecting a net current signal generated by the electron flow through a closed loop connected with the thermionic cathode and the thermionic anode; and on the basis of a thermal-electric double-parameter decoupling model, synchronously resolving the net current signal to obtain the corresponding heat flux density and the temperature of the thermionic cathode. According to the invention, problems in the prior art are solved, and double physical quantities of heat flux density and temperature can be synchronously inverted with high precision.

According to one aspect of the present invention, an electron beam adjustment method, includes: setting, to a predetermined value, a temperature of a cathode in a thermal electron source; changing a bias voltage applied to a Wehnelt electrode while maintaining the temperature of the cathode at the predetermined value; measuring an emission current in a case that the bias voltage is changed while maintaining the temperature of the cathode at the predetermined value; and calculating a determination parameter based on an amount of change in the emission current in a case that the bias voltage is changed, wherein each of the changing of the bias voltage, the measuring of the emission current, and the calculating of the determination parameter is repeated within a range where the determination parameter does not exceed a threshold value while maintaining the temperature of the cathode at the predetermined value.

The application discloses an all-optical measuring method for in-situ measuring electronic ultrafast dynamics in a solid. The application adopts probe light to generate high-order harmonics, pump light to excite a sample to initiate electronic non-equilibrium dynamics, and sets an optical pulse delay line on the light path of the pump light to control the relative delay of the pump light and the probe light, so that the normalized high-order harmonic spectral integral intensity of each order under different relative delays loaded with thermal electron cooling information is obtained, and the properties of the sample are analyzed; the whole process of the high-order harmonic generation is completed within a sub-optical cycle time scale, and the optical frequency comb can span an extremely wide energy range, and has the advantages of ultra-high time resolution and ultra-wide energy response; the application overcomes the harsh application scene limitation of the prior art measuring instrument; the application makes up for the narrow energy detectable range of the transient spectrum technology; and the application provides a tool for simultaneously meeting the low environmental restriction, high sensitivity, wide energy range and more economical and practical in-situ measurement of electronic ultrafast dynamics.

The invention discloses an edge-emitting laser epitaxial structure and a preparation method thereof. The problems that carrier injection is not matched due to the fact that the electron mobility in an existing indium phosphide-based laser is far larger than the hole mobility, and the follow-up laser is too low in photoelectric conversion efficiency, too high in heating and limited in device output power are solved. A continuous step structure is introduced into an N-region separate confinement layer (n-SCH), so that the speed of hot electrons injected into an N region is slowed down and the hot electrons are thermally stabilized before entering a quantum well. In addition, a gradient separate confinement layer (p-SCH) is used in a P region, and a high-aluminum component electron barrier layer which is commonly used on the p-SCH layer is omitted. The gradient p-SCH is used in the P region and an electron barrier layer is abandoned, so that the injection efficiency of holes in the P region is obviously improved, and the step structure in the n-SCH reduces the electron rate, so that the injection rate of the electron holes is better matched, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device is higher, and the output power is larger.

The invention discloses a heat storage-heat and power cogeneration device and method based on thermal electron and capacitor integrated energy storage and transduction, and the device comprises a heat storage body, and a thermal electron emission unit and a capacitor energy storage unit which are located at the inner periphery of the heat storage body. The thermionic emission unit comprises a thermionic positive electrode located on the inner circumferential wall of the heat storage body and a negative electrode located on the inner circumference of the thermionic positive electrode, the capacitive energy storage unit comprises a negative electrode and a capacitive positive electrode located on the inner circumference of the negative electrode, and the thermionic emission unit and the capacitive energy storage unit share the same negative electrode. The thermal electron emission effect and the capacitance electricity storage are designed to be of an integrated structure and share the same negative electrode, heat storage, thermoelectric conversion and electricity storage are coupled into the same physical process, the structure is simple and compact, and the purposes of long-time large-capacity storage-discharge / heat with high energy density, high power density and transient response are achieved.

An uninterruptible cooling system includes a heat generating electronic component (104) enshrouded by a first container (105), a heat exchanger (106) enshrouded by a second container (103), and an Uninterruptible Cooling Supply (UCS) (201, 101). The uninterruptible cooling system further includes a heat exchange fluid and a fluid pump (108) to circulate the heat exchange fluid through conduits fluidly connecting the first container (105), the second container (103), and the UCS (201, 101). The UCS (201, 101) includes a radiator (410, 310, 210) enshrouded by a casing (409, 309, 209) and a heat transfer compound (411, 311, 211) positioned in a space external to the radiator (410, 310, 210) and internal to the casing (409, 309, 209). The heat transfer compound (411, 311, 211) within the Uninterruptible Cooling Supply has a solid to liquid phase change threshold that is greater than the operating temperature of the heat exchange fluid downstream of the heat exchanger (106) and less than the maximum temperature of the heat generating electronic component (104).

Improved cooling modules and methods are configured to recirculate liquid coolant fluid within the cooling module such that the same liquid coolant fluid impacts the surface of a heat generating electronic component (or a cooling plate in thermal exchange with the heat generating electronic component) multiple times before exiting the cooling module, thereby reusing a given flow of coolant fluid multiple times. With each reuse of the coolant fluid, the flow requirement is reduced, thereby reducing the infrastructure required to achieve higher performance in direct and indirect micro-convection impingement cooling applications.

And an ion source having a thermionic emission cathode coupled to the plasma chamber and exposed to the plasma chamber environment. The first power source is coupled to a first filament associated with the thermionic emission cathode and is configured to selectively supply a first power to the first filament to heat the first filament to a first temperature and induce thermionic emission from the thermionic emission cathode. A non-thermal electron emission cathode is coupled to the plasma chamber and exposed to the plasma chamber environment. A second power source supplies a second power to a second filament associated with the non-thermal electron emission cathode and heats the second filament and the non-thermal electron emission cathode to a second temperature while not inducing thermal electron emission from the non-thermal electron emission cathode, thereby minimizing condensation within the plasma chamber environment. The controller may control the first power source and the second power source to provide constant power or emission.

This invention discloses a TEC composite structure integrating microchannels and a series-enhanced thermoelectric arm array, and its fabrication method. The structure includes: a first thermally conductive layer and a second thermally conductive layer, both with liquid flow microchannels on their outer surfaces; a first electrode layer located on the inner surface of the first thermally conductive layer; a second electrode layer located on the inner surface of the second thermally conductive layer; and multiple TEC units located between the first and second electrode layers. Each TEC unit includes P-type thermoelectric arms, N-type thermoelectric arms, and suspended thermoelectric arms. The P-type and N-type thermoelectric arms are arranged alternately. The suspended thermoelectric arms are suspended between the P-type and N-type thermoelectric arms and include P-type and N-type thermionic arms. Connections between the P-type and N-type thermoelectric arms, between the N-type and P-type thermoelectric arms, and between the P-type and N-type thermoelectric arms are all achieved through metallic materials. This invention simultaneously achieves ultra-strong hot-end heat dissipation, ultra-low thermal bypass leakage, and high interface reliability in TEC.

Provided is an electron gun using a virtual source method that may have a high angular current density, a narrow energy distribution, and stable electron emission characteristics by forming a virtual source inside a thermal electron source (LaB6, CeB6)-based emitter emitting an electron beam.

The application discloses a photoelectric detector with high polarization degree and fast response speed and a preparation method thereof. The photoelectric detector comprises, from bottom to top, a substrate material, a photovoltaic layer and an electrode layer; the photovoltaic layer comprises, from bottom to top, a Si layer, a SiO2 layer, an Au layer, an aluminum oxide layer, a MoS2 layer, a PtSe2 layer, a MoS2 layer and a grating layer; the Z-shaped crystal direction of the PtSe2 layer is parallel to the grating direction of the grating layer. The detector first determines the crystal phase structure of PtSe2, and then deposits layer by layer through a deposition method, so that the deposition angle of each layer is accurately implemented according to the set requirements, and the transfer process adopts a dry transfer method. The grating integrated vertical sandwich structure detector utilizes the photo-thermal electron effect to perform communication band photoelectric detection, and utilizes the polarization-dependent localized plasmon effect introduced by the grating structure, so that, under the synergistic action, the communication band photoelectric detection with high polarization degree is realized, the detection performance of the detector in the communication band is improved, and the problem of low response speed of the polarization-sensitive photoelectric detector is solved.

This invention discloses a controllable microwave source and control method based on a laser accelerator, relating to the field of microwave source construction. The microwave source includes a laser source, a radiation source, a magnetron, and a directional antenna. The laser source, radiation source, and magnetron are correspondingly arranged. The laser source emits a laser beam to the radiation source to excite the radiation source and generate an electromagnetic pulse. The magnetron collects the electromagnetic pulse and modulates and amplifies it to obtain a modulated and amplified electromagnetic pulse. The directional antenna is electrically connected to the magnetron and is used to directionally radiate the modulated and amplified electromagnetic pulse to a preset position. This invention solves the problems of large size and low efficiency of traditional high-power microwave sources by using a laser source to excite the radiation source to emit thermionic electrons and generate an electromagnetic pulse, which is then modulated and amplified by the magnetron and directionally radiated by the directional antenna. This reduces the destructive impact on electronic equipment.

The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, and discloses a self-repairing photo-thermal graphene passive pressure heating electronic skin material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the passive pressure heating electronic skin material comprises the following steps: step 1, mixing uracil modified PDMS and MXene to obtain a polymer composition; 2, coating the polymer composition to form a film to form a substrate layer; sequentially laminating the substrate with a piezoelectric-triboelectric layer, a photo-thermal layer and a packaging layer, and laminating a contact interface by using a silicon-oxygen coupling agent solution; and hot-pressing and curing to obtain the passive pressure heating electronic skin material. The polymer composition is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 5 to 15 percent of MXene and the balance of urea pyrimidone modified PDMS. In the invention, the prepared passive pressure-induced heating electronic skin material has the advantages of high photo-thermal efficiency, good self-repairing performance, wide application scene and the like.

To provide an ion generator capable of generating more multivalent ions under a low arc condition.SOLUTION: An ion generator 10 includes an arc chamber 50, a magnetic field generator 52 for generating a magnetic field B applied in an axial direction in an internal space S of the arc chamber 50, and a first cathode 54 configured to supply thermal electrons to the internal space S. The first cathode 54 includes a first cathode cap 72 that emits thermal electrons toward the internal space S. The first cathode 54 includes a first thermal shield 76 having a first extending portion that extends in a tubular shape in the axial direction on the radially outer side of the first cathode cap 72 and is adjacent to the first cathode cap 72 with a gap in the radial direction orthogonal to the axial direction, a first front end portion that protrudes toward the inside of the arc chamber, and a first front end opening that opens in the axial direction at the first front end portion. The first front end portion protrudes in the axial direction from the first cathode cap toward the inside of the arc chamber.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

The utility model provides a hollow cathode Hall ion source structure, which comprises a hollow cathode and an anode seat, the hollow cathode comprises a box body and a cathode cylinder, the middle part of the cathode cylinder is provided with a tantalum tube, the input end of the tantalum tube is connected with the output end of a gas path pipe through a first clamping sleeve joint, and the output end of the gas path pipe is connected with the anode seat through a second clamping sleeve joint. The output end of the tantalum tube is aligned with the transmitting end of the cathode tube; argon is introduced to the input end of the gas circuit tube, the second electrifying tube, the second connecting plate, the gas circuit tube and the cathode tube form a circuit loop, argon collides with hot electrons of the tantalum tube to generate ionization and form plasmas, the plasmas accelerate to move towards the anode along magnetic lines to form ion beams due to the constraint of a magnetic field, the ionization evaporation height is increased, and the ionization evaporation efficiency is improved. And the tantalum tube has corrosion resistance, so that ablation and loss of the surface of the cathode cannot be caused by collision of electrons and argon, and the service life of the hollow cathode is prolonged.