A preparation method of Zanthoxylum oil, the method comprising the steps of microwave heating: mixing Zanthoxylum raw materials, refined vegetable oil and rice branaqueous solution uniformly, putting into microwave equipment for heating to obtain crude Zanthoxylum oil; wherein, the mass ratio of Zanthoxylum raw materials to refined vegetable oil is 1:(5-20), the mass ratio of Zanthoxylum raw materials to rice branaqueous solution is 1:(0.01-0.3), the microwave power in the microwave heating step is 600-1800W, the microwave heating to the final temperature range is 90-160 DEG C, and the turbidity of the rice branaqueous solution is 580-6100Ntu. The present application uses dry Zanthoxylum as raw material, the preparation process is simple and time-saving, can improve the content of numbing substances (Zanthoxylum amide) in Zanthoxylum oil, and avoid the negative effects caused by long time decoction and high temperature oil in traditional process.