The invention belongs to a labyrinth type cyclone dedusting device and a dedusting method. The device comprises a mechanical part and a control part, wherein the mechanical part comprises a dedusting device, an induced draft fan, a surfactant storage tank, a circulating water tank and a foam storage tank; the dedusting device comprises a casing, and a chimney, an upper-layer flushing pipeline, an upper-layer demister, a lower-layer flushing pipeline, a lower-layer demister, a settling demisting tower, a labyrinth type cyclone device and a grey waster chamber are arranged in the casing; the control part comprises a controller, a signal input end of the controller is connected with a smoke flow detection sensor, a smoke dust concentration analyzer, a second pressure detector, a first pressure detector, a circulating water densitometer, a liquid level meter and an outside exhausted smoke concentration detector. The device has the advantages that the device is simple in structure, low in investment and low in operation cost, operates stably, occupies a small area and has a desulfurization function.