The invention discloses a high-voltage power transmission line foreign matter cleaning robot and a high-voltage power transmission line foreign matter cleaning method, and aims to solve the problem offoreign matter accumulation on a power transmission line. The high-voltage power transmission line foreign matter cleaning robot comprises: a cleaning unit, wherein the cleaning unit comprises a first half cylinder and a second half cylinder which are hinged, fixing plates are fixed to the first half cylinder and the second half cylinder, a first bolt assembly is arranged between the two fixing plates, when the two fixing plates make contact, the first half cylinder and the second half cylinder define a complete cylinder, crushing teeth are arranged on the inner wall of the first half cylinder and the inner wall of the second half cylinder, and a swing ball is connected to the outer wall of the first half cylinder through a lifting rope; a driving unit, wherein the driving unit comprisesa pair of driving half shells, walking wheels rotationally mounted on the inner walls of the driving half shells and a driving mechanism for driving the walking wheels to rotate, wherein mounting plates are fixed to the end faces of the first half cylinder and the second half cylinder, and positioning mechanisms are arranged on the side walls of the driving half shells; and a pull rope fixedly connected with the swing ball. With the robot and the method, the foreign matter on a power transmission line can be efficiently removed.