45results about How to "Avoid chemical changes" patented technology

A system and method for measuring optical properties of films deposited or formed on semiconductor wafers. Measurements of an optical property are made in a plurality of non-overlapping locations within a test region of a film at a low radiation dose, and the measurements are averaged. The radiation dose is less than the actinic radiation sensitivity dose of the film, so that chemical changes in the film are not caused by the measurements. The measurements may be calibrated to prior art methods, and the results may be adjusted by the adjustment or calibration factor.

The invention relates to a Soxhlet extractor, particularly relating to a temperature controlled Soxhlet extractor. The temperature controlled Soxhlet extractor comprises an external pipe and an internal pipe which are arranged in a sheathing manner; one end of the external pipe is provided with a temperature control liquid inlet; the other end of the external pipe is provided with a temperature control liquid inlet; a ground connecting end is arranged at the lower part of the external pipe; a branch pipe is arranged between the upper part of the internal pipe and the ground connecting end; a syphon pipe is arranged at the bottom of the internal pipe; a coiled pipe is arranged between the external pipe and the internal pipe; and the pipe body of the coiled pipe is positioned in the interlayer between the external pipe and the internal pipe. In the invention, the internal pipe is sheathed in the external pipe; the temperature control liquid circulates in the interlayer between the external pipe and the internal pipe to lead the internal pipe to keep a certain temperature; the coiled pipe is arranged between the external pipe and the internal pipe; the pipe body of the coiled pipe isarranged in the interlayer between the external pipe and the internal pipe; the condensed and refluxed solvent flows into the internal pipe after passing through the coiled pipe, thus the condensed solvent is controlled at a certain temperature through the temperature control liquid, so as to lead the extracting process to be performed at the required temperature.

The invention discloses an on-line real-time analysis method for tobacco smoke. The method adopts an on-line real-time analyzer for tobacco smoke, and the analyzer comprises a smoking machine, a feeding and cleaning module, a smoke analysis module, a smoke holding device, a deactivated pipeline system and an external controller. A gas chromatograph or gas-mass spectrometer is used for realizing detection of sample components; the temperature-controllable smoke holding device is used for realizing selective gas filtration or total smoke analysis without filter disc through various special adsorption materials and temperature setting; the external controller is used for realizing synchronous control of the smoking machine, an on-line pollution cleaning sampler and the gas chromatograph; thus, the real-time collection and analysis of tobacco smoke is completed. The method has the characteristics of controllable suction, controllable smoke volume, controllable temperature, real-time cleaning of smoke pollution and no residues, realizes real-time on-line analysis, directly analyzes the gas components generated by tobacco burning, and avoids chemical change or loss of components in the sample processing process.

A stabilizer including a first component and a second component. The first component is a compound represented by the formula (1).The second component is a compound represented by the formula (2).