45results about How to "Avoid chemical changes" patented technology

A system and method for measuring optical properties of films deposited or formed on semiconductor wafers. Measurements of an optical property are made in a plurality of non-overlapping locations within a test region of a film at a low radiation dose, and the measurements are averaged. The radiation dose is less than the actinic radiation sensitivity dose of the film, so that chemical changes in the film are not caused by the measurements. The measurements may be calibrated to prior art methods, and the results may be adjusted by the adjustment or calibration factor.

The method is for producing an electro-optical and / or optoelectronic layer. In the method, the layer is formed with perovskite material of the composition ABX3 by means of cold gas spraying at least astarting material having the perovskite material. X is also formed with at least one halogen or a mixture of multiple halogens. In the method for producing an electro-optical or optoelectronic devicewith at least one electro-optical or optoelectronic layer, the at least one electro-optical or optoelectronic layer is formed with a perovskite material by means of said method. The device is in particular an electro-optical or optoelectronic device, ideally an energy converter and / or a solar cell or a light diode or an X-ray detector. The device has an electro-optical layer of this type.

The invention relates to a Soxhlet extractor, particularly relating to a temperature controlled Soxhlet extractor. The temperature controlled Soxhlet extractor comprises an external pipe and an internal pipe which are arranged in a sheathing manner; one end of the external pipe is provided with a temperature control liquid inlet; the other end of the external pipe is provided with a temperature control liquid inlet; a ground connecting end is arranged at the lower part of the external pipe; a branch pipe is arranged between the upper part of the internal pipe and the ground connecting end; a syphon pipe is arranged at the bottom of the internal pipe; a coiled pipe is arranged between the external pipe and the internal pipe; and the pipe body of the coiled pipe is positioned in the interlayer between the external pipe and the internal pipe. In the invention, the internal pipe is sheathed in the external pipe; the temperature control liquid circulates in the interlayer between the external pipe and the internal pipe to lead the internal pipe to keep a certain temperature; the coiled pipe is arranged between the external pipe and the internal pipe; the pipe body of the coiled pipe isarranged in the interlayer between the external pipe and the internal pipe; the condensed and refluxed solvent flows into the internal pipe after passing through the coiled pipe, thus the condensed solvent is controlled at a certain temperature through the temperature control liquid, so as to lead the extracting process to be performed at the required temperature.

The invention discloses an on-line real-time analysis method for tobacco smoke. The method adopts an on-line real-time analyzer for tobacco smoke, and the analyzer comprises a smoking machine, a feeding and cleaning module, a smoke analysis module, a smoke holding device, a deactivated pipeline system and an external controller. A gas chromatograph or gas-mass spectrometer is used for realizing detection of sample components; the temperature-controllable smoke holding device is used for realizing selective gas filtration or total smoke analysis without filter disc through various special adsorption materials and temperature setting; the external controller is used for realizing synchronous control of the smoking machine, an on-line pollution cleaning sampler and the gas chromatograph; thus, the real-time collection and analysis of tobacco smoke is completed. The method has the characteristics of controllable suction, controllable smoke volume, controllable temperature, real-time cleaning of smoke pollution and no residues, realizes real-time on-line analysis, directly analyzes the gas components generated by tobacco burning, and avoids chemical change or loss of components in the sample processing process.

The invention relates to transparent rectifying contact structures for application in electronic devices, in particular appertaining to optoelectronics, solar technology and sensor technology, and also a method for the production thereof. The transparent rectifying contact structure according to the invention has the following constituents: a) a transparent semiconductor, b) a transparent, non-insulating and non-conducting layer composed of metal oxide, metal sulphide and / or metal nitride, the resistivity of which is preferably in the range of 102 Omega cm to 107 Omega cm and c) a layer composed of a transparent electrical conductor wherein the layer b) is formed between the semiconductor a) and the layer c) and the composition of the layer b) is defined in greater detail in the description of the patent.

The invention relates to a preparation method of fullerene, which comprises the following steps: carrying out discharge synthesis in a synthesis furnace, generating soot containing the fullerene, collecting into a collector for stirring and dissolution, sending into a reaction kettle for heating and stirring, then carrying out centrifugation in a centrifuge, simultaneously sending to a vacuum distillation reactor for distillation and concentration, and recycling solution after distillation; adding remaining solids after drying by distillation into the solution for dissolution, then filtering,introducing filtrate obtained by filtration into another vacuum distillation reactor for distillation and concentration; and carrying out chromatographic separation on a fullerene sample obtained by distillation and concentration and then obtaining a pure product. The method can continuously complete the technical processes of synthesis, reaction, filtration, ultrasound, distillation, liquid inlet, discharge and the like, and prepare the fullerene under the continuous and closed conditions without dust pollution and chemical pollution.

A stabilizer including a first component and a second component. The first component is a compound represented by the formula (1).The second component is a compound represented by the formula (2).