The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing sand mold casting and in particular to a water based flow coating for a 3D printing sand mold and a preparation method of the water based flow coating. The water based flow coating is prepared from zircon powder, white corundum, high-aluminum fine powder, ferrochrome mineral powder, pyrophyllite powder, sillimanite powder, cyanite powder, andalusite powder, spodumene powder, sodium bentonite, sea-foam stone powder, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate emulsion, phosphate, silica sol, sulfonated dioctyl succinate sodium salt, preservative, a defoaming agent, fluorite, iron oxide red and water. The water based flow coating for the 3D printing sand mold has the advantages of excellent mobility, appropriate permeability, good leveling property, high-efficiency suspension stability, appropriate coating thickness, super strong anti-burn-on property, environment protection, no pollution and high efficiency.