The invention discloses an automatic dismantling and separating device for a waste dry cell and a dismantling and separating method, The automatic dismantling and separating device comprises a roller, a belt, a grinding wheel group, a firing pin, a cutter and a vibrating screen, wherein the conveyor belt is provided with a plurality of rubber partition plates; the grinding wheel group is arranged on the conveyor belt; the first side of the conveyor belt is provided with the cutter and the firing pin; the second side of the conveyor belt is provided with the vibrating screen. A first roller, a grinding wheel, the cutter and the firing pin are powered on; the waste dry cells are fixedly arranged between two adjacent partition plates of the belt one by one. Along with the movement of the belt, two ends of each waste dry cell are cut off by the grinding wheel rotating at high speed, paste and a carbon bar of the dry cell are pushed out of a shell of the dry cell through the firing pin, and a zinc skin is separated from a plastic skin through the cutter. The automatic dismantling and separating device and dismantling and separating method for the waste dry cell have the advantages that a paste electrolyte, a zinc drum and the carbon bar can be comprehensively recycled, and the processing working efficiency and a separation effect of the waste dry cell can be improved.