The invention relates to a method for detecting quality characteristics of fired coal raw material. The method comprises the following steps of 1, using a coal stack as a sampling unit, and obtaininga coal sample with granularity smaller than 13mm; 2, putting the coal sample with granularity smaller than 13mm into an air drying box with temperature not higher than 40 DEG C to dry, and measuring the external moisture; crushing the coal sample until the granularity is smaller than 3mm, putting into the air drying box with temperature of 105 to 110 DEG C to dry, and measuring the internal moisture, so as to obtain the total moisture of the fired coal; 3, crushing the coal sample until the granularity is smaller than 0.15mm, drying for 0.5h in an oven with temperature of 50 DEG C, putting into the drying box with temperature of 105 to 110 DEG C to dry, and measuring the air dry base moisture; 4, putting the coal sample with granularity smaller than 13mm into an oxygen bomb with pressure of 2.8 to 3 MPa, measuring by a constant-temperature type oxygen bomb calorimeter, and measuring the air dry base low-grade heat value; 5, according to the total moisture of the fired coal, the air drybase moisture and the air dry base low-grade heat, judging whether the quality requirement standard of the coal is met or not. The method has the advantage that the actual moisture content and minimum heat value of the fired coal can be precisely measured, so as to more comprehensively and accurately judge the quality of the fired coal.