The invention relates to a method for quickly repairing and reinforcing a post-earthquake damaged pier. A member of the post-earthquake damaged pier is not required to be straightened. The method comprises the following steps of (1), cleaning, (2), gouging, (3) injecting glue, (4), embedding steel bars, (5), pouring, and (6), winding cloth, wherein in Step (1), loose concrete in a plastic hinge area is cleaned, and a bulged steel bar is straightened rather than replaced; in Step (2), steel bar embedding grooves are formed in a near surface, namely a protective layer of the pier, and fragments in the grooves and the surface of the concrete at the peripheries of the grooves are cleaned; in Step (3), the steel bar embedding glue is injected into the steel bar embedding grooves; in Step (4), fiber steel bars are washed cleanly by industrial alcohol, and mounted in the steel bar embedding grooves after dried, and the external surfaces of the fiber steel bars are covered with the steel bar embedding glue and floated; in Step (5), a formwork is erected after the steel bar embedding glue is solidified, and repair concrete of the plastic hinge area is poured; and in Step (6), after the repair concrete is solidified, the formwork is dismounted, and wound with three layers of fiber cloth, and the winding height is kept consistent with the steel bar embedding height. The method can quickly repair the damaged pier, and allow the repaired and reinforced pier to have sufficient bearing capacity.