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The application discloses a method for modifying graphite felt electrodes with manganese dioxide nanoparticles and application. The method comprises the following steps: using an electrochemical method and selecting an ammonium sulfate electrolyte to pretreat graphite felt to improve the surface wettability; continuing to use the electrochemical method and selecting a DMF dispersion solution of graphene to etch the pretreated graphite felt to obtain a three-dimensional porous graphite felt; finally, using a hydrothermal reaction to make manganese dioxide nanoparticles directly generate on the surface and inside of the three-dimensional porous graphite felt to obtain a porous carbon fiber confined manganese dioxide nanoparticle modified graphite felt electrode. The method confines manganese dioxide nanoparticles with high catalytic activity in the porous carbon fibers of the graphite felt electrode material, the heterostructure has rich hierarchical pores and high specific surface area, the number of active sites on the surface of the graphite felt electrode material is increased, the electrochemical activity of the graphite felt electrode is significantly improved, and an organic aqueous solution flow battery assembled therefrom has good electrochemical performance.