The invention relates to a kit and a detection method for rapid outdoor detection of residual oxidant in water. The kit comprises the following components: six ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate centrifugal pipes, each containing 0.392 g of ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate, six hollow centrifugal pipes, six H2SO4 reagent bottles, each containing 5 mL of 6mol / L H2SO4, six potassium permanganate reagent bottles, each containing 10 mL of 0.1 mol / L KMnO4 solution, six disposable filters, each containing a 0.45 mu m filter membrane, six injectors, 24 pasteur pipets, six of which are on standby, and six hollow transparent glass bottles, wherein all the components are put in a box. The kit disclosed by the invention has simple arrangement and low cost, and is convenient to carry; the method is simple, and displays rapid and high-efficiency monitoring effect due to the use of ferrous ammonium sulfate as the reducing agent and potassium permanganate as the oxidant, and the results can be directly read during real-time determination; and the kit is convenient to use, and the kit and the detection method are especially applied to rapid outdoor detection of residual oxidants in water.