The invention discloses a corn stalk peel and core separator. The corn stalk peel and core separator comprises a first conveying belt, a cutting mechanism, a rotation shaft, circular blades, a hydraulic cylinder, a baffle, a hydraulic telescopic rod, a push rod, a draught fan, a peel roller mechanism, a second conveying belt, a limiting plate, a motor, a belt, a sweeping wheel, grooves, brushes, a conveying roller, an upper grinding roller, a lower grinding roller, a machine shell, a cutter, a core peeling roller, a core peeling bottom plate, a screen, a chain, spiral blades, a cutter shaft and a running pulley. The conveying belt manner is adopted in the corn stalk peel and core separator for transverse straw conveying, meanwhile, the blades are adopted for cutting, the straw is convenient to segment, fragmentary leaves fall down through wind power, the leaves of the corn stalk are peeled through the peel roller mechanism, and the shuck of the corn straw is not damaged; meanwhile, a sweeping roller is adopted for secondary sweeping, and complete leaf separation is ensured; after grinding is conducted through the grinding rollers, the core peeling roller is adopted for core and peel separation, the separated core and peel are screened through the screen, and the core and the leaves are shredded.