The invention discloses a process for preparing
furfural by using agricultural by-products of high and crude
fiber plants. The process includes the steps of 1) conducting pretreatment of raw materials; 2) hydrolyzing pretreated raw materials in a hydrolyzing tank, and using an acid catalyst formed by mixing
sulfuric acid and
phosphoric acid during the
hydrolytic process; 3) introducing high-temperature steam into the hydrolyzing tank, heating up the hydrolyzing tank, and conducting gap stripping for
hydrolysis products of
furfural; and 4) feeding gas stripped
furfural to into a furfural
phase splitter to obtain coarse furfural and furfural residues. According to the process, the acid catalyst combining the
sulfuric acid and the
phosphoric acid is used for hydrolyzing the raw materials, and the
hydrolytic process is assisted by ultrasonic treatment simultaneously, so that the productivity of the furfural is improved, the residue amount of the
sulfuric acid is a little, the production of
sulfur oxides in the subsequent activating process of furfural residues is reduced, and the environmental
pollution is reduced. Besides, the invention also provides a process for producing
activated carbon adsorbents by using the furfural residues. The process includes the steps of
drying the furfural residues, screening,
roasting, hardening activating and steam curing, the obtained
activated carbon specific surface is large, the
iodine value is high and the adsorption capacity is high.