The invention discloses a lightweight porous thermal insulation material and a preparation method thereof. The lightweight porous thermal insulation material comprises the following components in weight percentage: 45%-80% of construction waste, 5%-40% of municipal solid waste incineration slag, 5%-40% of fly ash, 5%-25% of a foaming agent and 0.5%-2% of auxiliary materials, wherein the auxiliarymaterials include 0.2%-1.5% of a foam stabilizer and 0.2%-1.5% of a fluxing agent. According to the preparation method, all the raw materials of the lightweight porous thermal insulation material arewastes and are easily available, the process is simple, the cost is low, solid wastes such as construction waste, municipal solid waste incinerator slag, fly ash and agricultural straw and husk are directly used as the raw materials, and the preparation process is simple. The porous thermal insulation material has high structural strength, low water absorption rate, low density and low thermal conductivity; the production cost of the foamed porous material is effectively lowered, the environment is protected, and a waste is turned into treasure, so as to achieve obvious economic and environmental benefits.