The invention discloses a device for detecting biological chips based on resonance light scattering, which comprises a light source driver, an optical fiber, an excitation light source, a coupling lens group, a biological chip objective table, a photoelectric sensor, an upper computer, a motion platform and a multi-axle motor drive, wherein the light source driver controls the excitation light source to generate excitation light; the excitation light is outputted to the coupling lens group through the optical fiber, subjected to beam shaping, and transmitted to the biological chip objective table, and the excitation light is transmitted from the side edge of a biological chip under the condition that an angle of incidence is greater than a critical angle; a sample after being excited by the excitation light produces resonance light scattering, and radiates resonance scattering light with a specific wavelength outwards; the resonance scattering light is transmitted to the inside of the photoelectric sensor; the upper computer receives converted electric signals and carries out acquisition and analysis on the converted electric signals through software of the upper computer, thereby obtaining scanning images; and the software of the upper computer controls the multi-axle motor drive to operate and drives the motion platform to move, in such a way, the biological chip objective table is driven to move, so that the whole point sample area of the biological chip is scanned. The device disclosed by the invention is low in background noises and high in detection sensitivity.