The invention discloses a construction method for a double-wall steel cofferdam without bottom sealing concrete in deepwater bare rock geology. The construction method comprises the following steps that the prefabricated steel cofferdam is transported to a bridge pier position; in the water flow direction, the end, close to the upstream, of the steel cofferdam is fixed by a winch through a steel wire rope, the end, close to the downstream, of the steel cofferdam is fixed through a positioning tail anchor and a positioning ground anchor, the two side faces of the steel cofferdam are pushed in an ejecting mode through a tugboat for comprehensive positioning; a positioning groove is excavated in the position, below the steel cofferdam, of the bridge pier position in advance, and then the steel cofferdam sinks to the designed elevation, positioning groove concrete is poured, and the positioning groove concrete and an impervious layer jointly form a water-resisting layer so as to stop and isolate water. The steel cofferdam is positioned through grooving, large-range blasting does not need to be conducted, bottom sealing concrete with large thickness is not poured, excavation of a riverbed is reduced, the influence on the surrounding environment is reduced to the maximum degree, and the requirement for environmental protection is met.