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This application relates to the field of oil and gas field development technology, specifically to a method for extracting and three-dimensionally locating weak seismic signals from deep shale oil reservoirs. The method includes: during fracturing operations in deep shale oil reservoirs within the target exploration area, acquiring weak seismic signals induced by fracturing fractures through each geophone channel; calculating the characteristic difference degree representing the deviation of waveform morphology between signals, using this as a metric to classify the weak seismic signals from all geophone channels, thereby selecting a target signal set; determining the disturbance assessment value of each weak seismic signal within the target signal set, selecting a benchmark signal, extracting the time window from the benchmark signal to the complete attenuation characteristic of the overlying formation fracture, and based on this, extracting effective signals from the weak seismic signals within the target signal set for three-dimensional location of the fracturing fractures. This application improves the accuracy of three-dimensional location of fracturing fractures in deep shale oil reservoirs.