The invention provides a corrosive liquid, and a preparation method and application thereof. The corrosive liquid is prepared from, by mass, 0.5-4.5% of alkali, 0.01-0.225% of potassium sorbate, 0.01-0.225% of sodium acetate, 0.005-0.15% of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate, 0.055-0.46% of a de-foaming agent, 0.055-0.78% of a surfactant, 0.035-0.42% of a dispersing agent, 0.47-4.42% of a functional auxiliary agent, and the balance of water. When the corrosive liquid is used for preparing a substrate layer, the corrosive liquid can control the back surface of a substrate to form a relatively uniform pyramid-shaped suede, can ensure that an emitter layer on the front surface of the substrate is not damaged, and can control the size of the pyramid to keep a relatively low pyramid-shaped height-width ratio, so that the specific surface area of the suede on the back surface is reduced, the back surface passivation is facilitated, and the composition is reduced; and the solar energy conversion efficiency of the N-type contact cell is improved.