The invention relates to a catalyst for manufacturing maleic anhydride through the high-load and high-yield benzene gas-phase oxidation. A fixed-bed tubular reactor sequentially comprises an A section and a B section which are composed of catalysts with different performances along the inlet direction of reaction mixture gas; the A section is 40 to 60 percent of the total bed height, and the B section is 60 to 40 percent of the total bed height. The catalyst in the A section has the active phase composition that the ratio of V2O5:MoO3:P2O5:Na2O:NiO:Re2O3 equals to 1:(0.4 to 0.9):(0.01 to 0.08):(0.05 to 0.100):(0.005 to 0.500):(0.0001 to 0.0010), wherein, Re is any two of following rare earth elements that are Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb or Lu. The catalyst in the B section has the active phase composition that the proportion of the Re2O3 is 2 to 3 times of that of the Re2O3 in the A section, the proportion of the P2O5 is (0.005 to 0.040)mol, and the proportions of other oxides are the same with that in the A section. The catalyst can lead maleic anhydride production equipment to increase about 25 percent production capacity without increasing any investment, and the benzene consumption and the energy consumption can be obviously reduced.