The invention discloses a double-layer nanofiber membrane composite drug-carrying adhesive patch and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of medical and biomedical materials. A burst release medicament layer, a slow release medicament layer and an adhesive film of the nanofiber membrane structure are compounded, the burst release medicament layer and the slow release medicament layer can load different types of medicaments, reasonable distribution is carried out according to wound conditions, gradient release is formed, and the optimal treatment effect is achieved. The nanofiber membrane serving as a carrier has the advantages of being high in specific surface area, high in porosity, moisture-permeable, breathable, fine in fiber diameter and the like, can increase the loading amount of drugs, is high in porosity and beneficial to growth and proliferation of cells, promotes rapid healing of a wound surface, can simulate the natural environment of mucosa or skin through moisture-permeable, is beneficial to growth of new cells of the wound surface, can provide more growth sites for the cells through fine fiber diameter and can accelerate wound surface repair.