33results about How to "Has a healing effect" patented technology

A method for producing a Chinese herbal medicine Muscovy duck comprises the following steps: adding water to atratylodes rhizome, Rhodiola rosea, hawthorn, chilli powder, angelica sinensis, serissa serissoides, poria cocos, Polygonum chinense and Illicium verum; boiling up the materials through a strong fire; preserving the heat of the boiled materials by using a slow fire for 1-2 h; cooling and filtering the materials; collecting a filter liquor; adding white sugar and Bayer combined yeast to the filter liquor and obtaining a fermentation liquor through fermentation; adding corns, brans and soybean meal to the fermentation liquor; and directly feeding ducks with a mixture, so that the immunity functions of the ducks can be improved and diseases can be prevented. The method for producing the Chinese herbal medicine Muscovy duck, provided by the invention, has the advantages as follows: as antibiotics are not used in the whole breeding process, no damage is caused to the duck and the method is green, environmentally-friendly, pollution free and purely ecological; and as no antibiotic and hormone residues are available in ducks and duck eggs, the ducks and the duck eggs are safe to human bodies and favorable to healths of the human bodies after being eaten; meanwhile, the Chinese herbal medicine are fed to the ducks after being fermented through microorganisms, the contents of active ingredients of the Chinese herbal medicine can be multiplied and fragrances of the Chinese herbal medicine are mixed in the ducks and the content of amino acids is increased, so that the tastes of the ducks are changed, the fragrances of the ducks are thick and the traditional making methods for roast ducks, boiled salted ducks, fragrant ducks and so on are changed; moreover, the produced Chinese herbal medicine Muscovy duck has a blood replenishing effect, a disease preventing effect and a disease treatment effect and also has both foot and medicine effects.

The invention discloses a production method and feedstuff of Chinese herbal medicinal food ducks. The feedstuff is produced according to the following method: boiling rhizoma atractylodis, witloof, pericarpium citri reticulatae, serissa serissoides, angelica sinensis, codonopsis pilosula, poria cocos, herba epimedii, and fennel in water with strong fire and then preserving heat for 1-2 hours with soft fire; cooling, filtering and collecting the filtrate; adding white sugar and zygosaccharomyces bailii to obtain fermentation broth after being fermented; and adding corn, bran and bean pulp into the fermentation broth. The feedstuff can be directly fed to ducks, and can improve the immune function of the ducks and prevent diseases. In the production method of the Chinese herbal medicinal food ducks, no antibiotic is used in the entire feeding process of the ducks, no antibiotic or hormone is remnant in the duck products, thereby being safe to the huamn body of an eater, and being beneficial to the health of the body. The Chinese herbs are fed to the ducks after fermentation, so that the content of effective constituents of the Chinese herbs is increased in fold, the sweet flavor permeates into the duck meat, and the amino acid content in the duck meat is increased. Therefore, the taste of the duck meat is changed, the duck meat is stronger in sweet flavor, and the conventional roast ducks, boiled salted ducks and aromatic ducks are changed. Meanwhile, the Chinese herbal medicinal food ducks have the functions of replenishing blood and preventing and curing diseases, and have both dietetic invigoration effect and pharmaceutical invigoration effect.

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a composition that constitutes an aerosol former-containing aerosol-forming body generating an aerosol by heat transmitted by a heat source, includes absolutely no tobacco components, is capable of enhancing fragrance enjoyment and ensuring peace of mind and body not only for those who are experienced in flame-type smoking, but also for first-time smokers, has fragrance and generates fragrance under heating, and constitutes a novel heated fragrance generator. This invention is characterized in that a heated fragrance generator compositionis constituted by a plant type, a plant part, and a processed plant each suitable for three elements of a scent (fragrance) floating from an aerosol-forming body when the aerosol-forming body is attached to a heating-type smoking implement, a scent (aroma) floating in a space when the aerosol-forming body is heated, and a scent (flavor) floating in the mouth together with the aerosol when the aerosol-forming body is heated.

The invention discloses a composition with the effects of repelling mosquitoes, relieving pain and itching and resisting allergies and a preparation method and application thereof. The composition prepared through compatibility by taking water, liquid paraffin, glycerol, white vaseline, avocado tree shea butter, glyceryl monostearate, stearic acid, propylene glycol, thiazone, sodium lauryl sulfate, folium artemisiae argyi extract, radix sophorae flavescentis extract, flos chrysanthemi extract, herba menthae extract, table vinegar (alimentary acetic acid), table salt and edible essence as raw materials has the effects of repelling mosquitoes and insects, relieving itching and pain, diminishing inflammations and swelling, resisting the allergies, preserving moisture and caring the skin, and no western medicine component such as hormones or alcohol or preservative or insecticide pesticide such as diethyltoluamide and dimethyl phthalate is added.

The invention discloses an inorganic nano leather repairing agent and a preparation method thereof. The inorganic nano leather repairing agent comprises the following components by weight percent: 30.0-70.0 percent of nano silicon-dioxide particle hybridizationed and modified acrylic resin emulsion, 2 / 0-10.0 percent of polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, 0-6.0 percent of crosslinking agent, 0-2.0 percent of emulsifying agent, 2.0-8.0 percent of solvent, 0.2-0.5 percent of preservative, 3.8-65.5 percent of water. Simultaneously, the invention also provides the preparation method of the repairing agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding the nano silicon-dioxide particle hybridizationed and modified acrylic resin emulsion into water, dispersing uniformly, then, adding polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, the solvent and the emusifying agent, stirring to be uniform, and then adding the crosslinking agent and the preservative. The inorganic nano leather repairing agent and a preparation method disclosed by the invention have the advantages that the binding of the repairing agent and leather is firm, the elasticity is good after curing, the toughness, the wear resistance and the water resistance are achieved, the modified leather is good in mending and filling effect and is stable and durable in storage.

The invention discloses Fuzhuan tea with hypoglycemic and antihypertensive effects, and relates to the technical field of tea processing. The Fuzhuan tea comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 400 to 600 parts of raw dark green tea, 8 to 18 parts of angelica, 10 to 20 parts of earthworms, 5 to 15 parts of pollen, 6 to 10 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 4 to 8 parts of root of straight ladybell, 10 to 20 parts of apocynum, 15 to 25 parts of black beans, 5 to 15 parts of hiraute shiny bugleweed herb, 4 to 12 parts of rhizoma drynariae, 10 to 20 parts of dipsacus asperoides and 25 to 35 parts of cinnamon. The invention further discloses a production process of the Fuzhuan tea. The Fuzhuan tea produced by the invention carries out detoxification and promotes blood circulation, nourishes liver and kidney, engenders essence and boosts marrow, builds bodies, and has health restoration and healing effects for hypertension patients and diabetic patients. The patients can stop taking all chemicals in a short term. The Fuzhuan tea with the hypoglycemic and antihypertensive effects further eliminates or reduces complications, is Fu tea, but is superior to the Fu tea, can be taken by all people all the year round, without side effects, and can further enhance the physical fitness and improve the immunity.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese herbal anti-tumor medicine liquid and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese herbal anti-tumor medicine liquid is prepared from the following main traditional Chinese herbals at a weight ratio: 600-1000g of green fruit of walnut, 600-1000g of acanthopanax, 700-900g of selaginella doederleinii hieron, 600-1000g of dioscorea bulbifera and 800-1200g of peperomia blanda. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the traditional Chinese herbal anti-tumor medicine liquid. The traditional Chinese herbal anti-tumor medicine liquid is wide in sources of raw materials, low in preparation cost and capable of effectively conditioning and treating cancer patients, activating blood circulation of the whole bodies of the patients, removing stasis and eliminating stagnation, clearing heat and removing toxicity, relieving swelling and pain and improving the health condition of the bodies of the patients.

The invention relates to a core material additive for improving reproduction performance of boars, concentrated feed containing the core material additive, and a processing technology of the concentrated feed. The core material additive is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: glucomannan, high activity dry yeast, lactobacillus, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall, selenium yeast, chromium picolinate, amino acids, L-carnitine, choline chloride, sodium chloride, an organic microelement compound, a vitamin compound, a mildew-proof agent, an antioxidant, taurine, raspberries, hypericin and bran shell powder. The concentrated feed is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: bean pulp, wheat middling, expanded corn flour, fish meal, calcium hydrogen phosphate, clam shell powder, soybean oil, glucose, the core material additive and a carrier. The core material additive provided by the invention can obviously improve the reproduction performance of the boars and is free from any antibiotics so as to avoid drug residue and drug resistance which are caused by using the antibiotics.

The invention discloses a washing lotion for treating female cervicitis, and relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine. The washing lotion is composed of the following raw materials: 10 parts of chinaberry bark, 5 parts of baeckea frutescens, 5 parts of coptis, 3 parts of phellodendron, 6 parts of ventilago leiocarpa, 2 parts of mint, 3 parts of erythrina indica paraphyton, and 0.03 part of potassium permanganate powder. Compared to the prior art, when the washing lotion is used to treat female cervicitis, the washing lotion can rapidly relieve the symptom of colpitis, relieves the pains for patients, and has a repairing effect on the cervicitis.

The invention relates to old duck boiled soup. The old duck boiled soup is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: type A: 1.2-1.5 parts of lard oil and 2.5-3 parts of white wine; type B: 45-48 parts of drinking water, 2-2.5 parts of table salt, 7-9 parts of bean curds, 6-8 parts of ginkgoes, 15-21 parts of Chinese yams, 28-30 parts of old duck and 7-9 parts of red dates; type C: 4-5 parts of pickled gingers, 3-6 parts of anises, 2-3 parts of pickled red chilies, 3-6 parts of clove, 2-3 parts of mashed garlic, 1.8-2.2 parts of fennels, 1.5-2 parts of cinnamons, 0.1-0.2 part of ginseng, 1.2-2.4 parts of tangerine peels and 0.2-0.8 part of cinnamon. Compared with the prior art, the old duck boiled soup has a delicious taste and abundant nutrients, and the body health of people is facilitated.

The invention discloses a medicine for treating a stomach disease. The medicine for treating the stomach disease comprises the following components: rhizoma fagopyri cymosi, radix bupleuri, white paeony root, aspongopus, curcuma aromatica, cyperus rotundus, galangal, lily, salvia milltiorrhizae, galangal, fructus amomi, cuttle bone, fingered citron, sculellaria barbata, oldenlandia diffusa, immature bitter orange, bletilla striata, polygala tenuifolia, liquorice, caulis perllae, dried tangerine or orange peel and cutch. The medicine for treating the stomach disease can be used for effectively killing helicobacter pylori, the stomach disease can be rapidly treated, curative ratio of the stomach disease reaches 96%, and the medicine for treating the stomach disease is prepared into pills, so that the advantages of convenience in carrying and taking and high efficiency are also realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine, and relates to an application of a traditional Chinese medicine in preparation of a medicine for treating primary liver cancer. The traditional Chinese medicine is prepared from raw materials as follows: Japanese dock roots, vinegar-processed common burreed rhizomes, virgate wormwood herbs, barbated skullcup herbs, polyporus umbellatus, vietnamese sophora roots, yerbadetajo herbs, tree peony bark and suberect spatholobus stems. The medicines are used cooperatively, and accordingly, the traditional Chinese medicine has effects of activating the blood circulation, removing stasis, clearing heat, removing toxicity, soothing the liver, relieving depression, nourishing the liver and the kidney, eliminating the abdominal mass and activating meridians to stop pains. The traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit the tumor growth, improve clinical symptoms of patients and prolong the lifetime of the patients, thereby effectively curing the liver cancer and having a curing effect on the early liver cancer.

The invention discloses health-maintenance health-care coffee and a preparation method thereof. The health-maintenance health-care coffee is prepared from the following raw material compositions: coffee powder, Lepidium meyenii Walp., ostrea gigas tnunb, ginseng radix, fructus lycii, rhizoma polygonati, euryales semen, radix puerariae lobatae, semen cuscutae, herba taxilli, radix achyranthis bidentatae, Ziziphus jujuba Mill., herba cistanches, radix isatidis, herba houttuyniae, herba portulacae and cortex eucommiae. The health-maintenance health-care coffee disclosed by the invention is actually a coffee beverage capable of tonifying kidney and nourishing, can be drunk for a long time as the beverage, is conveniently taken, is capable of warming and tonifying kidney and eliminating deficiency of qi and blood of the body, fatigue and drowsiness, has an obvious function of nourishing and soothing the nerves, can enhance physical fitness and improves immunity and working efficiency.

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and relates to a traditional Chinese medicine for treating primary liver cancer. The traditional Chinese medicine for treating the primary liver cancer is prepared from the following medicinal materials: Japanese dock roots, vinegar-processed common burreed rhizomes, virgate wormwood herbs, barbated skullcup herbs, polyporus umbellatus, vietnamese sophora roots, yerbadetajo herbs, tree peony bark and suberect spatholobus stems. The medicines are used cooperatively, and accordingly, the traditional Chinese medicine has effects of activating the blood circulation, removing stasis, clearing heat, removing toxicity, soothing the liver, relieving depression, nourishing the liver and kidney, eliminating the abdominal mass and activating meridians to stop pains. The traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit the tumor growth, improve clinical symptoms of patients and prolong the lifetime of the patients, thereby effectively curing the liver cancer and having a curing effect on the early liver cancer.

Disclosed is medicine for treating fungal, viral and bacterial skin disease and sexual skin disease. The medicine is prepared from 5-15 parts of Herba corydalis bungeanae, 5-15 parts of Radix rhei, 5-15 parts of honeysuckle, 5-15 parts of Fructus forsythiae, 3-10 parts of Cortex pseudolaricis, 3-10 parts of Cortex phellodendri, 3-10 parts of Cortex hibisci, 3-10 parts of dandelion and 3-10 parts of field sowthistle herb. A method of preparing the medicine includes: well mixing and soaking the components in an alcohol solution; filtering to remove medicine residue after two weeks; extracting a traditional Chinese medicine mixed solution, namely a liquid preparation of the traditional Chinese medicine. The medicine has curing effect on various skin diseases, is simple in preparation process and can be produced on a large scale, and the defects of few external-application medicaments and narrow treatment range when traditional Chinese medicine is used for treating skin diseases are overcome. In addition, the medicine is low in cost and especially suitable for popularization and use in common patients with low income.

The present invention relates to nutritional honey extension slurry for treating kidney stones. The honey extension slurry is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 270-285 parts of honey, 14-17 parts of rhizoma imperatae, 1-3 parts of loofah sponges, 12-16 parts of chicken's gizzard-membrane, 13-16 parts of poria cocos, 28-33 parts of coix seeds, 8-10 parts of common lophatherum herb, 14-18 parts of reed rhizomes, 3-6 parts of glossy privet fruits, 7-11 parts of Chinese magnoliavine fruits, 3-7 parts of dried tangerine peels, 12-15 parts of common cephalanoplos herb, 8-11 parts of peach kernels, 2-4 parts of fresh gingers, 3-5 parts of licorice, 1-3 parts of lemons, 10-20 parts of parslane herb and 2-4 parts of haws. The honey extension slurry has functions of foodin tonifying health and treating diseases, is suitable for downward flow of damp-heat, qi-stagnation and blood stasis of urolithiasis, and safe and free of toxic side effects, can be used for treatingdiseases of urethral calculus, urolithiasis or gallstones, etc., and also has good curative effects on frequent urination, urgent urination and hematuria. The honey extension slurry has effects on cooling blood, stopping bleeding, clearing heat, causing diuresis, softening hard mass, relieving, removing and dispelling stones, relieving stranguria by diuresis, strengthening kidneys, benefiting essence, strengthening yang and securing essence, and is a nutritional type medicinally and edibly homogenous product.

The invention discloses a medicine for rapidly promoting male fertility and sexual function. The medicine is prepared from fructus alpiniae oxyphyllae, polygonatum kingianum, Erbao flower (honeysuckle), oyster, hawthorn, pollen pini, Chinese wolfberry, mulberry, dogwood, ginseng, astragalus membranaceus, walnut kernel, peach kernel, cistanche and raspberry according to a certain weight ratio, andany common oral dosage form is prepared by applying a conventional process of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy. According to the medicine, clinical observation and laboratories prove that the medicine has a rapid and remarkable treatment effect on reduced sperm quantity, low vitality, insufficient motility rate, excessive abnormal sperms and the like, and has a good effect on promoting the male sexual desire and improving the sexual function. and according to clinical control observation, the medicine takes effect rapidly, is superior to similar medicines and has no toxic or side effect.

The invention relates to an environment-friendly survival agent for camellia oleifera seedling grafting and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant growth preparation. According to the environment-friendly survival agent for camellia oleifera seedling grafting and the preparation method thereof, by extracting phytohormone of sorghum ears in the growth stage, rapidreproduction of garden plants is promoted, good growth states of the plants are kept, in this way, the application rate of a cuttage technology during plant growth is increased, meanwhile, adhesive liquid composed by chitosan and hydrated starch is used for covering grafting wounds to fix overlapping channels between seedlings and the wounds, has the effect of wound healing and serves as a carrier for loading plant ash and potassium permanganate to be used as a seedling nutrient solution, nutrient elements needed by survival and growth are provided for the seedlings, chitosan also has an anti-microbial effect and is resistant to damage caused by external germs on the survival and growth of the seedlings during growth of the seedlings, and therefore the survival performance of grafting isimproved.

The invention discloses a medicine for quickly improving ovarian function and fertility. The medicine is prepared from the following raw materials: female fructus trichosanthis (radix polygonati officinalis), almond, honeysuckle flower, fructus lycii, mulberry, rhizoma polygonati, dandelion, rose, citron, donkey-hide gelatin, angelica sinensis, ginseng, cistanche, dogwood, cinnamon, fennel, longanaril and radix astragali preparata. The raw materials are prepared into any common oral dosage form by a conventional process of traditional Chinese medicine pharmacy according to a certain weight ratio. Clinical observation and pharmacological experiments prove that the medicine has obvious treatment effects on female ovarian hypofunction, infertility, poor uterine receptivity, irregular menstruation, chronic infection, weak constitution and the like, and has certain effects of quickly improving ovarian function, improving fertility, treating frigidity and the like. Clinical observation proves that the medicine is quick in response and does not have toxic or side effect.

The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating rhinitis and nasosinusitis, and aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, rhinitis and nasosinusitis cannot be radically cured, the treatment is complicated, and the cost is high. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation is prepared by the following steps: evenly mixing following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of honeycomb mud, 20 parts of coal ash, and 40 parts of ash in a heated brick bed, and grinding the mixture into powder with a size of 500 meshes or more. People can take 1 to 2 grams ofthe mixture and absorb the mixture to the deep positions of nostril before sleep every day. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation is used to treat rhinitis and nasosinusitis, can cure rhinitisand nasosinusitis radically, and has the advantages of definite curative effect, simple treatment, low cost, and no pain.

The invention relates to an application of zinc-based montmorillonite and calcium-based montmorillonite sterile styptic powder in preparation of medicines for healing skin wounds. The zinc-based montmorillonite and calcium-based montmorillonite sterile styptic powder is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 5-10 parts of zinc-based montmorillonite and 8-12 parts of calcium-based montmorillonite. According to the invention, zinc-based montmorillonite and calcium-based montmorillonite are used as effective ingredients of the medicament provided by the invention, and the effective ingredients are combined with pharmaceutical auxiliary materials to be prepared into the medicament through the processes of high-temperature dry heat sterilization, mixing, sterile sub-packaging and the like. Through skin external administration, the medicament can be used for quickly coagulating blood and arresting bleeding as well as preventing wound infection, has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, and has converging and healing effects on the injured skin.

The invention relates to a globefish extract-containing oral liquid capable of invigorating the kidney and strengthening Yang and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of health-carenutritive oral liquids. The oral liquid is mainly prepared from 500-1000 parts of fresh globefish meat, 100-400 parts of eurycoma longifolia, 100-400 parts of edible burdock, 50-70 parts of polygonatum sibiricum rhizomes, 50-70 parts of prepared rehmannia roots, 50-70 parts of desertliving cistanche, 10-50 parts of vitamin C, 10-50 parts of vitamin E, 0-50 parts of Chinese magnoliavine nectar and10000-40000 parts of purified water. The oral liquid has the effect of invigorating kidney yang and benefiting essence and blood, and has the rehabilitation effects on dizziness, insomnia, frequent and urgent micturition, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, impotence and premature ejaculation in males.

The invention discloses an inorganic nano leather repairing agent and a preparation method thereof. The inorganic nano leather repairing agent comprises the following components by weight percent: 30.0-70.0 percent of nano silicon-dioxide particle hybridizationed and modified acrylic resin emulsion, 2 / 0-10.0 percent of polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, 0-6.0 percent of crosslinking agent, 0-2.0 percent of emulsifying agent, 2.0-8.0 percent of solvent, 0.2-0.5 percent of preservative, 3.8-65.5 percent of water. Simultaneously, the invention also provides the preparation method of the repairing agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: adding the nano silicon-dioxide particle hybridizationed and modified acrylic resin emulsion into water, dispersing uniformly, then, adding polyethyleneimine aqueous solution, the solvent and the emusifying agent, stirring to be uniform, and then adding the crosslinking agent and the preservative. The inorganic nano leather repairing agent and a preparation method disclosed by the invention have the advantages that the binding of the repairing agent and leather is firm, the elasticity is good after curing, the toughness, the wear resistance and the water resistance are achieved, the modified leather is good in mending and filling effect and is stable and durable in storage.

The invention relates to new application of oxypeucedanin to preparation of drugs for treating chronic pain by serving as the only active component, and belongs to the technical field of medicine. A mouse chronic constriction injury model and a complete Freund's adjuvant causing metapodium inflammatory pain model are built, the models present chronic neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain, oxypeucedanin is feed to conduct the treatment after modeling, oxypeucedanin is feed through intraperitoneal injection, the drug feeding dose is 10-40mg / kg, and it is proved that oxypeucedanin has the good abirritation effect on chronic neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain by being feed in singe-dose or repeatedly feed once a day, no sedation effect is caused, and no adverse reactions such as toleranceand addiction occurs if oxypeucedanin is feed for a long time, and it is reminded that oxypeucedanin can be applied to drug therapy of various kinds of chronic pain, in particular to neuropathic painand inflammatory pain.

The invention discloses the application of CDN1163 in preparing a medicine for relieving or treating neuropathic pain. The CDN1163 can act on neuropathic pain including one or more of central neuropathic pain and peripheral neuropathic pain, and improve chronic sciatic nerve compression in rats. Mechanical pain sensitivity and thermal pain sensitivity caused by sexual injury, improve neuronal shrinkage and astrocyte activation in lumbar intervertebral foramen 5 dorsal root ganglia, inhibit neuronal excitation in lumbar intervertebral foramina 4-6 dorsal root ganglia It can effectively reduce the symptoms of neuropathic pain, and repeated injections can significantly reverse mechanical hyperalgesia and thermal hyperalgesia, and there is no sign of tolerance, and the therapeutic effect can be maintained after drug withdrawal. and difficult-to-treat neuropathic pain medications.

The invention discloses a medical bone wound hemostatic material. The bone wound hemostatic material is composed of the following raw materials by mass percent: 5-80% of sterilized biopolymer and 20-95% of medical calcium salt. The invention also discloses a preparation method for the medical bone wound hemostatic material. The medical bone wound hemostatic material prepared according to the method provided by the invention has the advantages of high plasticity, moderate plasticity, fine hand feeling, no local stimulation, excellent plasticity, performance safety, convenience in use and long-term storage. The medical bone wound hemostatic material provided by the invention can quickly stop bleeding in a practical application, has a function of promoting curing, is capable of increasing the wound healing effect and can prevent inflammation, edema and necrosis from happening. The medical bone wound hemostatic material can be widely used for stopping bleeding for the cavum medullare section and the bone section in craniotomy, thoracotomy and orthopedic surgery.