The utility model belongs to the technical field of air hammers, and discloses an air hammer with a protection structure, which comprises an anvil block, a circular bead is fixedly mounted on the circumferential side of the anvil block, a guide ring is rotatably mounted on the upper side of the circular bead, a plurality of sliders are slidably mounted on the circumferential side of the guide ring, and protection rods are fixedly mounted on the upper surfaces of the sliders. An elastic connecting structure is arranged between every two adjacent sliding blocks. A regulation and control device is arranged on the side wall of the guide ring and is connected and assembled with the closest sliding blocks on the two sides; and a locking structure is arranged on the side wall of the guide ring. According to the utility model, the guide ring, the sliding block, the protective rod and other structures are arranged on the anvil block, so that the protective rod can be adjusted in a circumferential sliding manner, the use is flexible, and the protective rod can be uniformly distributed and the position is controllable under the matching of the regulation and control device and the elastic connecting structure; and the guide ring can also rotate along the circular bead and is positioned through the locking structure, and all parts on the guide ring can be driven to rotate, so that an operator can conveniently work at a comfortable angle.