The invention relates to a state monitoring device and method for fiber strands in cans in the textile industry, and belongs to the technical field of textile machinery. The device comprises fiber strand sensors and a signal processing unit. The sensors are additionally arranged above the fiber strand cans or on the circular edges of can trays, so that the states of the fiber strands in the cans, especially the states when the fiber strands are nearly used up, can be monitored, and signals can be transmitted to a machine in time. Therefore, the machine can inform an operator or an AGV to replace the cans in time in real time, so that uninterrupted production is guaranteed, the production efficiency is improved, and the workload of the operator is reduced. Furthermore, the machine can know the fiber strand states of the cans in real time, especially the states that the fiber strands are about to be used up, the AGV and a fiber strand splicing robot are combined and can cooperate together to achieve unmanned automatic fiber strand splicing and can changing, and a foundation is laid for unmanned and intelligent operation of a drawing frame, a drawing and lapping combined machine, a roving frame, a rotor spinning machine and a vortex spinning machine.