280 results about "Alkaline fuel cell" patented technology

Gas Diffusion Electrodes (GDES) play a pivotal role in clean energy production as well as in electrochemical processes and sensors. These gas-consuming electrodes are typically designed for liquid electrolyte systems such as phosphoric acid and alkaline fuel cells, and are commercially manufactured by hand or in a batch process. However, GDEs using the new electrolytes such as conductive polymer membranes demand improved electrode structures. This invention pertains to GDEs and gas diffusion media with new structures for systems using membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), and automated methods of manufacture that lend themselves to continuous mass production Unexpected improvements in gas and vapor transport through the electrode are realized by incorporating a new dispersion process in the construction, reformulating the applied mix with solution additives, and creating a novel coating structure on a conductive web. Furthermore, combining these changes with a judicious choice in coating methodology allows one to produce these materials in a continuous, automated fashion.

The invention relates to a gas diffusion layer with a gradient hole structure for fuel batteries and a preparation method and applications thereof. The gas diffusion layer consists of a macroporous carbon-based support body and a micro-porous layer which are overlapped, wherein the material of the micro-porous layer is embedded in the macroporous carbon-based support body from one side, far from the flow field of a battery, of the macroporous carbon-based support body to form a transitional hole layer; the transitional hole layer is composed of the material of the micro-porous layer and the fiber of the macroporous carbon-based support body and is obtained by embedding the material of the micro-porous layer in the side, far from the flow field of a battery, of the macroporous carbon-based support body; and the curvature of reaction gas transfer from the side next to the flow field to the side next to a catalyst layer in the gas diffusion layer increases gradiently and the air permeability gradually reduces from 4-10s / 100ml to 100-900s / 100ml. By adopting the gas diffusion layer with the structure, the mass transfer curvatures of water and the gas in the gas diffusion layer (GDL) can be effectively increased, the transfer path of the product-water can be prolonged and liquid water in the battery can be maintained; and the gas diffusion layer is particularly suitable for fuel batteries working under low humidity and the cathodes of alkaline fuel batteries.

The present invention relates to alkaline fuel cell catalysts, specifically the application of a highly active catalyst in alkaline fuel cells; the active component of the catalyst is composed of N and metal components, and the metal components are Fe, One or more of Co, Ni, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Cd, W, Sn, Pb, Pd, Ir, Ru, W and their oxides; The atomic ratio of N and other metal components in the catalyst is 20:1-0.1:10, the mass percentage of active components in the catalyst is 10-80%, and the balance is C carrier. The catalyst of the invention has small particles and uniform particle size distribution. Compared with Pt, the catalyst has the advantages of low price and rich resources, and its activity in an alkaline system is equivalent to that of Pt, thereby greatly reducing the catalyst cost.

Provided are an air electrode having a structure in which an anion exchange membrane and an air electrode catalyst layer are laminated and the anion exchange membrane is disposed in contact with an aqueous alkaline solution; and a metal-air battery, an alkaline fuel cell, and a water electrolysis device each having the air electrode. The air electrode of the present invention can reduce or solve various conventional problems of an air electrode in a metal-air battery, fuel cell, and the like, which use an aqueous alkaline solution as an electrolyte, and can maintain high performance for a long period of time.

The invention relates to preparation of fuel cell key materials, in particular to a composite anion exchange membrane for a fuel cell and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: pretreating a porous polymer base membrane; reasonably matching chloromethylated radical polymerizing monomer, a cross linking agent and an initiator to prepare monomer solution; saturatingthe pretreated base membrane in the monomer solution; thermally polymerizing the monomer inside the base membrane in-situ, and promoting compounding of a polymer and the base membrane under the action of external pressure; and performing quaternization and alkali treatment to prepare the anion exchange membrane. The composite anion exchange membrane for the fuel cell and the preparation method thereof are concise and efficient, and save raw materials; and the prepared anion exchange membrane has high conductivity and strong stability, and is suitable for application in the field of alkaline fuel cells.

The invention provides quaternized polybenzimidazole and a preparation method thereof. Polyanions are formed by polybenzimidazole and derivatives thereof (PBIs) under the function of a dehydrogenized reagent and a solvent, small molecules such as tertiary amine halide, methyl iodide and the like are inoculated to the side chain of the polybenzimidazole molecule and ion exchange is carried out in an alkaline solution, therefore, the quaternized polybenzimidazole with good thermal stability, solubility and membrane forming performance can be prepared. The quaternized polybenzimidazole can be used as an OH<->ion-exchange membrane in alkali fuel cells and has broad application prospect.

Alkali fuel cells, systems, and related methods, and flow-through, high-surface area electrodes, are employed to generate electricity. The electrode can include a porous substrate comprising a first side for fluid ingress, a second side for fluid egress, and a plurality of walls oriented in different directions between the first and second sides. Voids can be defined between the walls. The walls can include surfaces and micro-scale pores. A multi-directional fluid flow path can be defined between the first and second sides. A thin film comprising a catalytic material can be disposed on the surfaces. A fuel / electrolyte mixture can be flowable generally from the first side, through the voids and the pores of the substrate and in contact with the thin film, and to the second side. Additives can be included for refreshing the electrolyte and / or the electrode. A water / thermal / pressure management system includes a permeable membrane from which water can be removed from a fluid while retaining fuel and / or electrolyte in the fluid. The electrolyte can include an additive that cleans the electrodes. A refresh cycle can be implemented in which one or more electrodes are operated in a mode that refreshes catalytic material of the electrode.

The invention relates to a carbon-supported CoN fuel-cell catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst comprises the following components in mass percentage: 40-99 percent of carbon material and 1-60 percent of active component. The catalyst is prepared through the following steps of: dispersing the components into a mortar loaded with a solvent, fully grinding until the solvent is completely volatilized, and obtaining a catalyst precursor after vacuum drying; and roasting for 2-4 hours by increasing the temperature for 200-900 DEG C at the speed of 20 DEG C / minute under the protection of an inert-gas atmosphere. The catalyst is applied to alkaline fuel cells, direct methanol fuel cells, direct ethanol fuel cells or low-temperature fuel cells. The catalyst is a non-platinum catalyst, so that the cost of the fuel cells can be markedly lowered; and the preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple and easy to operate, has low cost, is suitable for industrialized production and has good application prospects.

A recirculating hydrogen-oxygen alkaline fuel-cell (AFC) includes an alkaline matrix electrolyte interposed between a porous anode and porous cathode, and an oxygen flow network in fluid connection with the porous cathode. The oxygen flow network has an input portion for supplying oxygen and an output portion for removing oxygen and reaction products after electrochemical reaction. A hydrogen flow network is in fluid connection with the porous anode. The hydrogen network has an input portion for supplying hydrogen and an output portion for removing hydrogen and reaction products after electrochemical reaction. At least one of the oxygen flow network and the hydrogen flow network includes a feedback conduit to form a recirculation loop. The recirculation loop feeds back a portion of the hydrogen or oxygen flow after electrochemical reaction to the input portion.

Anion exchange polymer electrolytes that include guanidinium functionalized polymers may be used as membranes and binders for electrocatalysts in preparation of anodes for electrochemical cells such as solid alkaline fuel cells.

The invention discloses a polyarylether compound containing a quaternary ammonium salt side group and fluorenyl and a preparation method and application thereof. The polyarylether compound has a following structure: X is an arbitrary negative ion, x and y show degree of polymerization, the x ranges from 1 to 200, the y ranges from 0 to 200, and x / (x+y)*100% is equal to 0.5 to 100. The preparation method of the polyarylether compound includes: bisphenol fluorene monomer containing a tertiary amine side group, aromatic monomer containing halogen atoms or the aromatic monomer containing the halogen atoms and other bisphenol monomer are used as raw materials to be copolymerized to obtain polyarylether containing the tertiary amine side group and the fluorenyl, then the polyarylether is reacted with halogenated hydrocarbon, and finally the polyarylether compound containing the quaternary ammonium salt side group and the fluorenyl are obtained through exchange of the negative ion. The polyarylether compound serves as a framework of a proton exchange membrane, can meet requirements of alkaline fuel batteries and all-vanadium redox flow batteries for physical and chemical properties and mechanical properties of an ion exchange membrane, has high ionic conductivity, and improves self-discharge resistant performance of the batteries.

The present invention relates to a preparation method of homogeneous anion-exchange membrane. Said method includes three processes of membrane-casting liquor preparation, membrane-forming and amination. Said invention also provides the concrete steps of above-mentioned every process. Said homogeneous anion-exchange membrane has extensive application field, it can be used for making concentration or desalination of dilute brine solution in electrodialysis method, can be used as electrolytic diaphragm in metallurgical industry, can be used as diffusive dialysis membrane for recovering acid and can be used as anionic selective electrode, etc.

An electrode for an alkali fuel cell comprises an active layer formed by a bilayer or by a stack of a plurality of bilayers. Each bilayer is composed of a catalytic layer comprising catalyst particles of nanometric size and of a porous layer comprising two opposite faces one of which is in contact with the catalytic layer. The porous layer is made from a porous composite material comprising a hydroxide ion conducting polymer matrix in which a metallic lattice is formed constituting a plurality of electronically conducting paths connecting the two opposite faces of the porous layer. Advantageously, fabrication of such an electrode is obtained by successively performing vacuum deposition of the catalyst particles and vacuum co-deposition of the hydroxide ion conducting polymer and of the metal on a free surface of a support.

The invention discloses a multibranched polyaryletherketone anion-exchange membrane and a preparation method thereof and belongs to the technical field of alkaline anion-exchange membranes. At first,an amino substituted polyaryletherketone polymer with favorable solubility and stability is synthesized, and then amino of the polymer is directly taken as a grafting site to perform functional grafting on the polymer to obtain a membrane material and prepare the membrane. The prepared multibranched polyaryletherketone anion-exchange membrane has good alkali stability and high ionic conductivity and can be applied to alkaline fuel cells.

Fuel cell electrodes are described which comprise a non-woven network of conductive fibers, such as a carbon fleece, nickel foam sheet or stainless steel wool layer, plus additional activated carbon material, carrying one or more catalyst components and at least one polymeric substance as binder and / or repellancy agent to establish three zone interfaces (liquid-solid-liquid) or three phase interfaces (gas-liquid-solid). The electroactive catalyzed material is embedded into the conductive structure by specified deposition processes, such as coating, blading or spraying.

The present invention provides solid alkaline fuel cells comprising anion exchange membranes which comprise diamines or polyamines coupled to a support polymer via a sulfonamide linkage. At least one nitrogen atom of the diamine or polyamine is a quaternized nitrogen atom acting as an anion exchange group. The anion exchange membrane exhibits favourable properties that render it suitable for use in a solid alkaline fuel cell.

The invention provides polyether sulphone containing a plurality of quaternary ammonium salt phenyl side group structures. The preparation method for polyether sulphone comprises the following steps: firstly, producing copolycondensation of an active difluorosulphone monomer containing the polymethyl structure, 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone and biphenol to prepare polyether sulphone containing a polymethyl structure; secondly, converting prepared polyether sulphone containing the polymethyl structure into a polymer containing a bromomethyl structure by utilizing a bromination reaction; finally, by utilizing a nucleophilic substitution reaction, reacting the polymer containing the bromomethyl structure with trimethylamine to obtain polyether sulphone containing the plurality of quaternary ammonium salt phenyl side group structures. Polyether sulphone has good film-forming property; a prepared polymer thin film has good alkali resistance, relatively high ionic conductivity and excellent size stability, and can serve as an anion exchange membrane material for alkaline fuel cells.

The invention relates to the preparation of key materials of fuel cells, and specifically relates to an anion exchange membrane for alkaline membrane fuel cells and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: by taking bromo-polyphenylene oxide (BPPO) as a basic structure and taking a C1-C20 alkyl chain or C2-C20 ether chain compound with N, N-dimethyl amines at the two ends as a crosslinking agent, carrying out a crosslinking reaction between the BPPO and the crosslinking agent, and controlling the rate of charge, so that the BPPO is excessive; reacting imidazole of which the N0.1 position located N atom is provided with C1-C20 alkyl chains or C2-C20 ether chains by using a crosslinked polyphenyl ether so as to obtain a novel crosslinked imidazole polyphenyl ether resin, and forming a membrane through a tape casting method; carrying out alkali treatment on the obtained membrane so as to obtain an anion exchange membrane. The anion exchange membrane disclosed by the invention is simple in preparation process and low in cost, and the prepared anion exchange membrane is high in electrical conductivity and strong in stability, and suitable for being applied in the aspect of alkaline fuel cells.

This invention relates to a new high performance alkali fuel battery, in which, MnO is used as the catalyst of the positive, various kinds of stored alloys are used as the catalyst of th negative and an alkali solution (such as NaOH or KOH) containing a certain volume of hydrides (such as BNaH and BKH) as the electrolyte, during the work of a battery, a catalytic and reductive reaction happens to oxygen at the positive and hydrogen in the hydride is catalyzed and oxidated at the negative.

A low temperature alkaline fuel cell having a hydrogen electrode and an oxygen electrode, both of which are comprised of high performance non-precious metal catalytic materials providing high performance at low temperatures.

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal electrocatalysts, and provides a preparation method and application of a nitrogen-doped carbon-supported metal nano-particle electrocatalyst withuniform particle size for alkaline hydroxidation reaction. The nitrogen-containing ligand and the carbon material are used as the nitrogen source and the carbon source, the nitrogen-doped carbon carrier contains more metal nanoparticle attachment sites is simply and quickly prepared through carbonization. As the metal salt is adsorbed in advance and the reduction temperature of the metal salt is controlled, the purpose of control the reduction rate of the metal salt is achieved, and the metal nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the carrier. A surfactant is not used in the invention, and the reagent used is safe and harmless. The preparation process of the invention is simple and easy, the synthesis cost is low, and the large-scale production is easy. The supported highly dispersed nano-electrocatalyst prepared by the invention has high electrocatalytic activity and is suitable for alkaline fuel cell anodic hydrogenation reaction.

An electrochemical fuel cell designed for a large electrochemical reaction surface area per unit volume for high power density and high efficiency. The fuel cell is designed for counter propagating reactants flow for uniform reaction rate over the whole reaction area. This design is scalable and a single cell can be built with output power level ranging from a few watts to several megawatts. The cell does not require bipolar plates and is lightweight. The design has been demonstrated with proton exchange membrane as an electrolyte for the electrochemical reaction, however, the design is adaptable for other types of fuels and fuel cells with other electrolytes including all types of polymer electrolytic fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells and all their subcategories as well. The fuel cell is adaptable for use as an electrolyzer as well.

The invention relates to an A-site vacancy type perovskite oxygen catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, which mainly solves the problems of high cost and poor stability of the current fuel cell oxygen electrode catalyst. As the sol-gel method and the calcination process are adopted, the A site vacancy and the increase of B site valence of perovskite are realized, Furthermore,the oxygen vacancy number is increased, the electronic structure of the B site is changed, and the electrochemical oxygen reduction performance of the perovskite catalyst is improved essentially. Moreover, the application of alkaline environment can better protect the catalytic activity of metal elements at the B site, and greatly improve the stability of the perovskite catalyst. Compared with thecommercially available platinum-carbon noble metal catalyst, the perovskite type oxygen catalyst has improved performance and reduced cost through vacancy treatment of the A site and doping of metalelements with smaller ion radius, and has good application prospect in alkaline fuel cells in the future.

A preparation method of a cross-linking type composite anion-exchange membrane comprises the following steps: soaking a (polytetrafluoroethylene) PTFE porous membrane in an ethanol solution for removing organic matters on the surface of the PTFE porous membrane; dissolving a chloromethylated polymer in an organic solvent, and adding a lower secondary amine reagent for configuration of a partly tertiary aminated polymer solution (a cross-linking precursor solution); letting in a lower tertiary amine reagent for quaternization; casting to prepare a PTFE composite membrane by a phase transformation method; immersing the prepared composite membrane in the lower tertiary amine reagent for the quaternization to obtain the anion-exchange membrane based on PTFE. The preparation method of the cross-linking type composite anion-exchange membrane is simple and efficient, and the prepared anion-exchange membrane has high ion-exchange capacity, high ionic conductivity and good dimensional stability and has wide application prospect in the alkaline fuel cells.

The invention relates to an assembly of a porous metallic gas diffusion substrate and a polymeric separator membrane for use in an alkaline electrolyser or alkaline fuel cell. The polymeric separator membrane of the assembly comprises inorganic hydrophilic particulates dispersed in an organic polymeric binder. The polymeric separator membrane is gas tight when filled with electrolyte. The polymeric separator membrane is penetrating into at least a top portion of the porous metallic gas diffusion substrate. Also disclosed is a method to produce such an assembly via coating a paste on a porous metallic gas diffusion substrate.

A method of activating a metal hydride electrode of an alkaline fuel cell. The method comprises the step of applying current cycles to the anode where each current cycle includes a forward current effective to at least partially charge the electrode and a reverse current effective to at least partially discharge the electrode.

An ionomer may be used as a binder for a catalyst to prepare an anode for a solid alkaline fuel cell. The ionomer is a reaction product of a guanidine and a perfluorosulfonic acid polymer.

A catalyst for air electrode is a composite oxide of managnese: MnO2-Mn3O4 / Mn2O3, where MnO2 is primary catalyst and Mn3O4 or Mn2O3 is co-catalyst. It is prepared through a adding Mn3O4 or Mn2O3 powder to carbon powder as carrier, adsorbing solution of manganese nitrate by carrier, and thermal decomposing to obtain MnO2. Its advantages are high catalytic activity and low cost.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a nitrogen-doped porous carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticle composite material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly dispersing a carbon source precursor, a nitrogen source precursor and soluble salt of transition metal ions in a solvent according to a ratio, then performing drying to obtain a solid powder precursor, and calcining the solid powder precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain black powder, namely the composite material. The composite material has efficient oxygen reduction catalysis performances and can be applied to proton exchange membrane fuel cells, alkaline fuel cells and metal-air batteries. The catalyst has the advantages that a pore structure is generated in the heat treatmentprocess and is uniformly dispersed; the carbon source, the nitrogen source and the metal source interact with one another to stabilize active elements and effectively improve the catalytic activity. Compared with a catalyst with commercial carbon as a carbon source, the prepared composite material has better oxygen reduction catalytic activity and is an efficient non-noble metal oxygen reduction catalyst.

The invention relates to a machine capable of persistent power generation when only water needs to be supplemented during manufacturing and a power generation method thereof. The power density of the power generation of the machine is similar to that of a commercial alkaline fuel cell, and the cost of the power generation is the minimum relative to other fuel cells. Due to the fact that the power generation method is formed in combination with a new-found water hydrogen production method and a traditional hydrogen fuel cell technology, the name of the machine is water fuel cell hydrogen energy generator, short for JS generator or alkaline water generator. The generator has the characteristic that water is directly used for replacing hydrogen and air or oxygen as a fuel and an oxidant, and is characterized in that hydrogen or air does not need to be added, only pure water need to be added, and persistent power generation can be realized without consuming any other substance. The generator can be prepared into a mobile domestic generator, or is used for manufacturing various small and medium sized power stations, is particularly suitable for manufacturing fuel cell power vehicles, and is also particularly suitable for application of aerospaceplanes or submarines needing oxygen.