39 results about "Discharge - substance" patented technology

The invention discloses a preparation method of a paper wet strengthening agent that is modified by organic silicon, which comprises the following steps: firstly combines the raw materials of dibasic acid and polyhydric amine into a polyamine intermediate compound of daiamid. A certain amount of the polyamine intermediate compound of daiamid, epoxy chloropropane and an organosilane coupling agent are taken to react under certain temperature so as to achieve certain viscosity, and the reaction is halted by adding acid, thus obtaining the paper wet strengthening agent that is modified by organic silicon. The preparation method of the paper wet strengthening agent that is modified by organic silicon can reduce the usage of the epoxy chloropropane and lower the organic chlorine content in discharged substances; the cross-linked product greatly increases molecular weight and active crosslinking points of molecular chain sections. The product of the paper wet strengthening agent that is modified by organic silicon achieves greatly raised retention degree, can improve not only the wet strength of paper but also the paper physical performance such as folding resistance, tensile strength and dry strength, etc., and the superficial water-proof performance of paper can be greatly raised if the paper wet strengthening agent is coated on the surface of paper.

The invention discloses a process for preparing cation polyvinyl alcohol paper reinforcing agent, which comprises: firstly charging solid particles of polyvinyl alcohol and deionized water into a reactor, heating the reactor to a certain temperature and keeping the temperature till the polyvinyl alcohol is totally melt in the reactor, cooling the reactor and charging cation etherifying agent to cationise the polyvinyl alcohol; finally charging polymer crosslinking monomer into the cation polyvinyl alcohol solution and adjusting the solution pH value to acidity and then after keeping the temperature of the solution for a while, adjusting the pH value to weak acidity to obtain transparent liquid. The invention ensures that the discharged substance contains no organic halide and formaldehyde, and the retention rate of the crosslinking product after being ionized and modified is greatly improved. The reinforcing agent of the invention not only improves paper dry and wet strength, but also improves the paper folding endurance, and if the reinforcing agent is coated on paper surface, paper surface strength can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, the process of the invention has simple process and low cost of materials and can widen the polyvinyl alcohol application range.

The invention discloses a process for separating salt and nitrate without industrial wastewater discharge. The process includes evaporating and concentrating sodium sulfate in high-temperature states until the sodium sulfate is in near saturation states; crystallizing out mirabilite under low-temperature freezing conditions; evaporating and crystallizing out sodium chloride under high-temperature conditions; carrying out hot melting on the mirabilite and crystallizing and dehydrating the mirabilite to dissolve out the sodium sulfate. The invention further discloses equipment for implementing the process. The process and the equipment have the advantages that the sodium sulfate and the sodium chloride in industrial wastewater with the salt and the nitrate can be separated and recycled, accordingly, the wastewater is free of impurity salt, the impurity contents can be reduced, the process and the equipment are free of discharge substances which can cause pollution of water systems, and technical effects of recycling resources without pollution liquid discharge can be realized; the process is low in energy consumption, the treated wastewater can be recycled, and the process and the equipment are suitable for industrially treating the wastewater; industrial-grade sodium sulfate and sodium chloride products further can be obtained, and the solid waste or hazardous waste production probability can be lowered; the equipment is high in heat efficiency and automation degree and low in power consumption and operation cost, and sustainable development requirements can be met by the equipment.

The invention discloses an oilfield old emulsified oil treatment method. The oilfield old emulsified oil treatment method is characterized by comprising the following steps: A, after enabling old emulsified oil to enter a quenching and tempering tank, adding saline water or seawater into the quenching and tempering tank as a catalyst; then raising the temperature through a heat exchanger; B, dividing the old emulsified oil into four phases in an old emulsified oil physical emulsion-breaking purification device, such as a purified oil region on an upper layer, an ash layer region on a middle layer, a water region on a lower layer and a mud layer on a bottom layer; C, firstly, enabling incoming liquid of the old emulsified oil to pass through a plasma pulse emulsion-breaking electrode region and enabling separated water to pass through an admittance instrument or an adjusting water tank to control water level height; D, enabling dispersed crude oil to continually float upward to reach an electrode dehydration region; carrying out deep oil-water separation in the region; E, enabling ash-layer impurities discharged by an old emulsified oil purification device to enter an ash layer treatment device; finishing solid-liquid separation and sewage purification on the ash layer in the treatment device. The method disclosed by the invention is simple; when the method is used, the purification and separation efficiency of the old emulsified oil can be effectively improved; the energy consumption is low, discharged substances have no pollution and great economic benefits can be produced.

The invention provides an automatic sampling system for radioactive gas-carrying discharge substances, and belongs to the technical fields of radiation protection and environment protection. An intake tube joint in the sampling system is connected with a solenoid valve through a gas tube; the solenoid valve is connected with an aerosol and iodine sampling head through a gas tube; the aerosol and iodine sampling head is connected with a flow regulating valve through a hose; the flow regulating valve is sequentially connected with a mass flowmeter and a pressure gage through a gas tube and is then connected with a gas inlet of a pump through a hose; the gas inlet of the pump is connected with an exhaust tube joint through an exhaust tube; the signal input end of an automatic control unit is in external connection with a chimney flow monitoring PLC (programmable logic controller); and the signal output end of the automatic control unit is sequentially connected with the solenoid valve, the mass flowmeter, the pressure gage and the pump. The automatic sampling system can not only improve the representativeness of large differences of discharge source items of the gas-carrying substances and discharge substance samples in scattered discharge, but also reduces labor intensity of staff for monitoring and sampling the discharge substances and improves the working efficiency, and has the characteristics of intelligent regulation, unattended operation and high practicability.

The invention discloses a method for preparing modified starch, and belongs to the field of starch processing. The method includes uniformly mixing starch and water with each other to obtain first mixtures and pasting the first mixtures; adding tetrasodium pyrophosphate into the first mixtures, uniformly mixing the tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the first mixtures with one another to obtain secondmixtures, allowing the second mixtures to stand still, cooling the second mixtures and carrying out freeze drying on the second mixtures to obtain dry substances; carrying out ball-milling on the drysubstances and beeswax, then uniformly stirring the dry substances, the beeswax and absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain third mixtures; placing the third mixtures in a steam explosion device and carryingout steam explosion on the third mixtures to obtain explosion substances; mixing the explosion substances and hydrogen peroxide with one another and carrying out oxidation treatment on the explosionsubstances and the hydrogen peroxide; adding ethylene glycol into the explosion substances and the hydrogen peroxide to obtain fourth mixtures, allowing the fourth mixtures to stand still and carryingout spray-drying on the fourth mixtures while the fourth mixtures are hot so as to obtain spray-drying substances; carrying out stirring reaction on the spray-drying substances, aluminum chloride andacetyl chloride to obtain reaction products; adding tyrosine into the reaction products, stirring the tyrosine and the reaction products to obtain fifth mixtures, cooling the fifth mixtures until thetemperatures of the fifth mixtures reach the room temperature and discharging discharged substances; carrying out freeze drying on the discharged substances, washing, drying, smashing and sieving thedischarged substances to obtain sieved particles so as to obtain the modified starch. The method has the advantage that the modified starch is good in freeze-thaw stability and excellent in film forming property.

The invention discloses a fine temperature control environment-friendly fuse machine. A machine body is internally provided with an exhaust outlet which is connected with an exhaust pipe so as to discharge substances such as harmful gases out of a room, a temperature input device is also arranged at the front end of the machine body and can be used for inputting temperature control signals to a temperature regulating and controlling device in the machine body and nicely regulating and controlling the temperature through a temperature induction device on a hot melting head of a hot melting device, a transparent door is also arranged at the front end of the machine body, when the transparent door is open, products to be hot melted can be placed on a product workbench, and the transparent door is closed so as to form an airtight cavity. The fine temperature control environment-friendly fuse machine has remarkable advantages of achieving the purpose of fine temperature control through a PLC (programmable logic controller) regulating and controlling module and the temperature induction device, and reducing unnecessary energy consumption; the fuse machine is designed to be a sealing device and is provided with the exhaust outlet, thus being capable of effectively preventing harmful substances such as gases generated in the hot melting process from injuring operation staffs.

The invention relates to a preparation method for a low-density high-strength petroleum fracturing propping agent, belonging to the technical field of oil exploitation. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing and heating aluminum ash and hydrochloric acid, carrying out filtering, and mixing the obtained filtrate with polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester; subjecting a mixture obtained in the previous step to a stirring reaction with acrylic acid, sodium persulfate and other substances and carrying discharging; collected a discharged substance, mixing the discharged substance with absolute ethyl alcohol and carrying out filtering; drying a filter residue obtained in the previous step so as to obtain a dried substance; subjecting the dried substance, montmorillonite, coke and other substances to mixing, grinding and sieving successively; then subjecting a substance obtained in the previous step and water to mixing and ball milling and collecting a ball milling product; and successively subjecting the ball milling product to extrusion, drying and temperature-programmed sintering. The low-density high-strength petroleum fracturing propping agent prepared in the invention has low density, wherein volume density is 1.19 to 1.32 g / cm<3>; the agent is not prone to accumulation at the port of a crack and convenient for construction; and under the condition of a closure pressure of 69 MPa, the agent has a broken rate of 3.57 to 4.12%, so the broken rate is reduced, and the flow conductivity of the crack is improved.

The invention discloses integrated garbage treatment equipment. The equipment can be used for carrying out integrated continuous treatment on garbage, so that the harm of the discharged garbage is reduced, and the discharged substances can be further utilized, thus reducing environmental pollution and reducing the harms of garbage to human body health. The integrated garbage treatment equipment comprises a rack, wherein a grinder, a solid-liquid separator, an oil-water separator and a solid material biochemical treatment machine are arranged on the rack; the grinder is connected with the solid-liquid separator; the solid-liquid separator is connected with the oil-water separator and the solid material biochemical treatment machine respectively.

The invention relates to a device for preparing magnesium oxide by saturated brine spray pyrolysis, which comprises a pyrolyzing furnace, a hot-air system and a feed system, wherein the pyrolyzing furnace is a self-made brick / silicon carbide hearth mixed structure; the hot-air system comprises an air compressor, a liquefied petroleum gas tank, a controller, an air liquefied gas premixing pipe, combustion fire lances, an igniter and an instrument system; the feed system is composed of a storage tank, a diaphragm pump, a pipeline and a sprayer; the upper part of the cone is provided with the combustion fire lances (every two combustion fire lances form a 120-degree angle) and additionally provided with a flame detector; the coal gas enters the premixing pipe to be mixed with air under the control of a solenoid valve, and is combusted at the outlets of the combustion fire lances so as to supply heat; the bottom of the whole device is provided with a discharge port, and the top is provided with four openings; and the discharged substance is subjected to dust removal by a ceramic filter and directly absorbed by the saturated alkali solution, thereby producing no environmental pollution. The device can generate the magnesium oxide product by direct spray pyrolysis of saturated brine, and has the advantages of simple technical process, low input cost and favorable product performance.

The invention provides a water-free live keeping box, which is arranged in a liner of a refrigeration household appliance and can be drawn and pulled inside and outside relative to the liner; the live keeping box is provided with a box body, an opening, a sealing cover, a temperature control module, a humidity control module, a gas control module, a discharge substance removal mechanism and a control system, wherein the opening is formed in the box body, the sealing cover is used for opening or sealing the opening, the temperature control module is used for controlling temperature in the live keeping box, the humidity control module is used for regulating humidity in the live keeping box, the gas control module is used for regulating oxygen concentration in the live keeping box, and the discharge substance removal mechanism is used for removing discharge substances of aquatic products. The water-free live keeping box provided by the invention is used for storing the aquatic products, and the temperature, the humidity, the oxygen concentration and the like in the live keeping box are regulated through the temperature control module, the humidity control module, the gas control module and the discharge substance removal mechanism further so as to build a suitable environment for keeping the aquatic products live under the water-free condition, and therefore the aquatic products can be kept live under the water-free condition for more than three days, and the use requirements of ordinary families are met.

The invention relates to a treatment method for waste water and provides the treatment method for waste water from artificial leather. By using the treatment method, ammonia nitrogen in the waste water can be effectively degraded, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) in the waste water are removed, and the treatment efficiency is high. The treatment method comprises the following steps: firstly, collecting the waste water; secondly, filtering; thirdly, feeding precipitates into an aerobic pond and enabling the precipitates to react in the aerobic pond for 12-16 hours; fourthly, performing nitrification and denitrification reactions; fifthly, feeding upper-layer waste liquid treated in the fourth step into an intermediate sedimentation tank, removing suspending matters in the waste water by settling, reflowing sludge generated by settling to the aerobic pond and continuously performing an aerobic reaction in the aerobic pond for 10-12 hours; sixthly, discharging the waste water in the intermediate sedimentation tank into an acid splitting tank and performing hydrolysis and acidification reactions; seventhly, feeding precipitates treated in the third step into an ozone catalytic reaction tower and reacting for 1-2 hours and continuously enabling the reactants to enter a biological activated carbon filter; eighthly, discharging substances treated in the seventh step into a soil infiltration system.

The invention discloses a cooling and cleaning device for photoresist removing equipment, which comprises a cooling cavity, a sweeping device and an exhaust pipe, wherein the cooling cavity is communicated with an air transmission cavity, and a plurality layers of cavities are formed in the cooling cavity; one end of the sweeping device is connected with an external gas source, a plurality of blowing openings are formed in the other end of the sweeping device, and are dispersed in the plurality layers of cavities; the exhaust pipe is arranged at the bottom of the cooling cavity and at the downwind openings of the blowing openings. According to the cooling and cleaning device for the photoresist removing equipment, provided by the invention, water vapor inside the cooling cavity and volatile substances on the surfaces of wafers can be removed, so that tiny concretes are not generated inside the cooling cavity any more; further, other flaw particles inside the cooling cavity can be removed; the sweeping device arranged in the cooling and cleaning system can ensure that every wafer inside the cavity is cleaned up; the exhaust pipe additionally arranged below the outlet of the cooling cavity can discharge substances swept out, so as to ensure the safety of other wafers.

The invention discloses an ecological pig rearing method. The ecological pig rearing method is low in emission and available for comprehensive recycling, pig manure in a pig rearing process is made into organic fertilizers through maggot breeding, and the organic fertilizers are absorbed by organic crops to finally serve as organic feed, so that discharged substances in the rearing process are reused, and pollution is avoided; the rearing process is free of chemical additives, pigs are healthy and strong, outputted pork is great in taste and tender, and meat quality meets food safety requirements.

The invention relates to the field of filtering and purifying of drinking water, in particular to an anti-blocking self-cleaning kettle. The anti-blocking self-cleaning kettle comprises a kettle body;a water receiving container is fixedly installed in the upper portion of an inner cavity of the kettle body, a water spout is arranged at the side of the water receiving container of the kettle body,and a handle is fixedly mounted at the position, corresponding to the water spout, of the other side of the kettle body. According to the anti-blocking self-cleaning kettle, the kettle body and the water receiving container are of separated structure, water in the water receiving container is guided into the kettle body through a filter device arranged, automatic water filtering is achieved; besides, the kettle is provided with a motor, a pressure sensor, a power module and a controller; once a filter element is blocked, local water pressure is increased and sensed by the pressure sensor, andthen the motor drives the filter element to rotate to discharge substances causing blocking, the circumstance that the filter device is difficult to work due to blocking of the filter element is avoided, work efficiency is improved, and the anti-blocking self-cleaning kettle is suitable to popularize in wide range.

The invention belongs to the technical field of road engineering materials and particularly relates to a method for preparing an asphalt regenerating agent based on discarded tires. The discarded tires are used as raw materials firstly and are processed to obtain discarded tire granules, then the discarded tire granules and a home-made biological fluid are put in a fermentation tank for fermentation, a fermentation mixture is obtained, then platinum tetrachloride is used as a catalyst, splitting decomposition is conducted on the fermentation mixture through high temperature and high pressure, a discharged substance is filtered, filtrate and amino cyclopropane carboxylic acid are mixed, distillation is performed to obtain a fraction, finally the fraction is mixed with sodium sulfamate and other substances, and the asphalt regenerating agent can be obtained. The discarded tires are used as raw materials, the cost is reduced, waste recycling is achieved, microbes in rubber barks are screen and cultured and then are filtered, a target culture solution is obtained and is used for conducting biological decomposition and modification on the discarded tire granules, the activity is increased, and further the rapidity of the asphalt regenerating agent permeating into an asphalt inside layer is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of automobile exhaust gas pollution control and particularly discloses an automobile exhaust gas cleaning agent and a preparation method thereof. The cleaning agent comprises the following components in part by weight: 2-4 parts of lauryl alcohol, 5-7 parts of high-carbon number fatty alcohol, 0.1-0.3 part of fatty acid monoglyceride, 0.2-0.3 part of glycerin aconitate, 0.8-1 part of isopropyl nitrate, 0.7-1 part of polyisobutene amine, 4-5 parts of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 3-5 parts of diisopropyl ether, 1-3 parts of fatty alcohol, 35-40 parts of pentaerythritol, 35-45 parts of ethylene glycol, 7-15 parts of diethanol amine, 5-15 parts of diethylene glycol and 2-10 parts of titanium dioxide. After the automobile exhaust gas cleaning agent disclosed by the invention is mixed and dissolved with regular gasoline, various discharge substances in exhaust gas are detected according to GB1318285-2005 and DB371657-200b detection methods, the discharge quantity of CO is less than that 1, and the emission quantity of C+NOx is less than 1.

The invention relates to a method for treating waste stripping liquid. The method includes steps of carrying out rectification operation on aqueous-phase mixtures and collecting aqueous-phase mixtures; carrying out distillation operation on the aqueous-phase mixtures and collecting distillate; adding oxidizing agents into the distillate and carrying out oxidation operation on the distillate to obtain oxidized mixtures; carrying out suction filtration operation on the oxidized mixtures and collecting suction filtration liquid; carrying out adsorption operation on the suction filtration liquid by the aid of activated carbon. The method for treating the waste stripping liquid has the advantages that ultimate discharged substances are low in COD (chemical oxygen demand) content, and accordingly requirements of discharge standards can be met.

The invention relates to an intelligent energy-saving lighting device, comprising an A, B and C three-phase or single-phase electromagnetic voltage-regulating module, a three-phase or single-phase current and voltage acquisition module, a grouping energy-saving control module, a celestial clock control module, a GSM (global system for mobile communication) remote control module, an environment monitoring module and a central processor. The intelligent energy-saving lighting device optimizes the input voltage of a power supplying system in an electromagnetic induction mode and adopts AC-AC (alternating-current-alternating-current) direct conversion technology to adjust the voltage. The voltage input to a lighting load is the optimal value of the lamp design voltage, thereby achieving the purposes of saving electricity, prolonging the life of the lamp and ensuring the standard lighting requirements. For gas discharge lamps, enough rated voltage is needed to energize gas discharge substances when the lamp is only started, so as to enable a lamp tube to illuminate light. After inducting that the power of the lamp tube is completely achieved, the intelligent system can automatically adjust a load voltage to enable the lamp tube to work in an energy-saving mode, and an energy-saving system is in an automatic on-line detecting state simultaneously.

The invention relates to a collecting device for low-temperature-liquid-tank-container discharging. The collecting device comprises a low-temperature flexible pipe and a collecting branch pipe, a discharging opening is formed in a low-temperature-liquid tank container, one end of the low-temperature flexible pipe is connected to the discharging opening of the low-temperature-liquid tank containerthrough a connecting assembly, the other end of the low-temperature flexible pipe is connected to the connecting branch pipe through a connecting assembly, and discharged substances are delivered andsubjected to follow-up treatment through the collecting branch pipe. The collecting device adopts the structure, gas or a gas-liquid mixture discharged by the low-temperature-liquid tank container canbe collected so that follow-up treatment can be carried out, low-temperature damage when the gas or the gas-liquid mixture is suddenly discharged to persons, articles and the like is avoided, safetyrisk such as a fire disaster and exploding caused by the discharged gas or gas-liquid mixture is reduced, the influence when the discharged substances enter atmosphere on the environment is avoided, and the collecting device is simple in structure, convenient to disassemble and suitable for usage scenarios such as multimodal transport and stockpiling of the low-temperature-liquid tank container.

The invention provides an automatic sampling system for radioactive gas-carrying discharge substances, and belongs to the technical fields of radiation protection and environment protection. An intake tube joint in the sampling system is connected with a solenoid valve through a gas tube; the solenoid valve is connected with an aerosol and iodine sampling head through a gas tube; the aerosol and iodine sampling head is connected with a flow regulating valve through a hose; the flow regulating valve is sequentially connected with a mass flowmeter and a pressure gage through a gas tube and is then connected with a gas inlet of a pump through a hose; the gas inlet of the pump is connected with an exhaust tube joint through an exhaust tube; the signal input end of an automatic control unit is in external connection with a chimney flow monitoring PLC (programmable logic controller); and the signal output end of the automatic control unit is sequentially connected with the solenoid valve, the mass flowmeter, the pressure gage and the pump. The automatic sampling system can not only improve the representativeness of large differences of discharge source items of the gas-carrying substances and discharge substance samples in scattered discharge, but also reduces labor intensity of staff for monitoring and sampling the discharge substances and improves the working efficiency, and has the characteristics of intelligent regulation, unattended operation and high practicability.

The invention relates to a dry fermentation method for urban garbage. The method includes the steps of: mixing urban garbage, dry sludge and an inoculums to obtain a first mixture, preheating the first mixture, then putting the preheated mixture into an anaerobic fermentation tank; letting the first mixture stay in the anaerobic fermentation tank for 15-20d, and then performing discharge; mixing the discharged substance with urban garbage and dry sludge again to obtain a second mixture, preheating the second mixture, and then putting the second mixture into an anaerobic fermentation tank; and during the 15-30d stay of the first mixture in the anaerobic fermentation tank, in the fermentation process, letting the biogas slurry at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank flow back to the anaerobic fermentation tank top to spray the second mixture.

The invention discloses a power device for cyclically generating power. According to the prior art, energy sources are not recycled after work is applied, so that the supplementation of a great number of energy sources is required, the continuity of the power is influenced, and the prior art is not environment-friendly. According to the power device, the shortcomings of the prior art are overcome; and after substances are heated to apply the work, a part of substances are cooled and sucked to a high-pressure system when discharged, and the discharged substances are fed into an expansion chamber and recycled for work application after pressure reduction, so that the problem about the supplementation of the energy sources can be solved per se. The power device is applied to various places with requirements for the power, such as ships and airplanes; and by an environment-friendly power machine, the backtracking for energy source supplementation is not required, and influence on the continuity of the power is avoided.

The invention belongs to the field of submerged arc furnaces, and particularly relates to an automatic dust removal control system for a submerged arc furnace material bin. The automatic dust removalcontrol system for the submerged arc furnace material bin aims to solve the problems that existing equipment does not have the automatic dust removal device system, the dust removal effect is limited,the dust is easily attached to the inner wall of the submerged arc furnace, the service life of the submerged arc furnace is influenced, and the existing equipment does not have the device for detecting discharged substances and the like. The technical scheme is as follows that the automatic dust removal control system comprises a box body, wherein a motor box, an operation box and a dust outlethopper are arranged in the box body, the operation box is arranged between the motor box and the dust outlet hopper, a double-shaft motor is arranged in the motor box, two output shafts of the double-shaft motor are fixedly connected with driving gears, and the lower portion of each driving gear is rotationally connected with a driven gear through sawteeth in a meshed mode. According to the automatic dust removal control system for the submerged arc furnace material bin, the automatic dust removal system is adopted, the dust removal effect is better, dust is not easy to attach, the device fordetecting the discharged substances can be reasonably monitored, and the design is reasonable.

The invention discloses an electric discharge pump which comprises a lamp holder, a lamp casing and an electric arc tube arranged in the lamp casing. The electric discharge pump is characterized in that a transitional casing is fixedly arranged between the electric arc tube and the lamp casing, the transitional casing is sleeved on the periphery of the electric arc tube in sealing mode, nitrogen and oxygen mixed gas is filled in an area between the transitional casing and the electric arc tube, and the area between the transitional casing and the lamp casing is vacuated. The electric discharge pump has the advantage that inner pressure and outer pressure of the electric arc tube achieve good balance, discharging substances in the electric arc tube can be effectively prevented from running away, vacuum can effectively prevent heat generated by the electric arc tube from being diffused outside the lamp casing, an electric arc tube system can maintain stable temperature gradient, heat loss is small, and therefore luminous efficiency is improved greatly, and service life of a bulb is further prolonged simultaneously. Experiments show that luminous efficiency of the electric discharge lamp can reach 120lm / W. Compared with an electric discharge lamp of a traditional structure, the luminous efficiency of the electric discharge lamp is approximately improved by 50%.

A battery system, in particular a lithium-ion battery system, comprising a discharge line (AL) with an opening for discharging substances which are produced in the battery system, in particular gases, to the surroundings of the battery system.