The invention relates to a method for treating coal gasification wastewater containing phenol and ammonia. The method comprises the following steps: single tower alkali injection and pressurization steam stripping removal of acidic gas and ammonia, three-level dephlegmation of lateral line tapped gas, extraction of phenol by diisopropyl ether and solvent recovery. The cold and hot coal gasification wastewater, according to a certain proportion, respectively enters a pressurization single tower from the upper part and middle upper part of a wastewater steam stripping tower, and acid gas is discharged from the tower top; the lateral line withdrawal mixed gas goes through three-level dephlegmation to obtain high-concentration ammonia, alkali is injected at the position below the lateral line to transform fixed ammonia into free ammonia which is to be removed; counter-current extraction is carried out on removed ammonia, residue of acid gas and diisopropyl ether to dephenolize; extraction solvent is recovered by a solvent recovery tower and a solvent steam stripping tower to obtain the byproduct, namely crude phenol. In the method of the invention, the process removing acid gas, free ammonia and fixed ammonia is carried out simultaneously on the coal gasification wastewater in the wastewater steam stripping single tower, as a result, high-concentration ammonia is obtained, the content of carbon dioxide, sulfureted hydrogen, free ammonia and fixed ammonia in tower kettle purified water is extremely low, encrustment is not prone to take place, and the purified coal gasification wastewater meets the requirement of follow-up biochemical treatment.