474 results about "Oxidation response" patented technology

Systems and processes for producing hydrogen using bacteria are described. One detailed process for producing hydrogen uses a system for producing hydrogen as described herein, the system including a reactor. Anodophilic bacteria are disposed within the interior of the reactor and an organic material oxidizable by an oxidizing activity of the anodophilic bacteriais introduced and incubated under oxidizing reactions conditions such that electrons are produced and transferred to the anode. A power source is activated to increase a potential between the anode and the cathode, such that electrons and protons combine to produce hydrogen gas. One system for producing hydrogen includes a reaction chamber having a wall defining an interior of the reactor and an exterior of the reaction chamber. An anode is provided which is at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber and a cathode is also provided which is at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber. The cathode is spaced apart at a distance in the range between 0.1-100 centimeters, inclusive, from the anode. A conductive conduit for electrons is provided which is in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode and a power source for enhancing an electrical potential between the anode and cathode is included which is in electrical communication at least with the cathode. A first channel defining a passage from the exterior of the reaction chamber to the interior of the reaction chamber is also included.

Reactor membranes for used in oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons involving oxygen comprising a selective oxidation catalyst on a mixed conducting, oxide ion selective ceramic membrane of the composition (Sr1-xCax)1-yAyMn1-zBzO3-delta, whereA is Ba, Pb, Na, K, Y, an element of the lanthanide group or a combination thereof,B is Mg, Al, Ga, In, Sn, an element of the 3d or 4d period or a combination thereof,x is from 0.2 to 0.8,y is from 0 to 0.4,z is from 0 to 0.6, anddelta is a number, dependent on x, y and z, that renders the composition charge neutral.

Systems and processes for producing hydrogen using bacteria are described. One detailed process for producing hydrogen uses a system for producing hydrogen as described herein, the system including a reactor. Anodophilic bacteria are disposed within the interior of the reactor and an organic material oxidizable by an oxidizing activity of the anodophilic bacteria is introduced and incubated under oxidizing reactions conditions such that electrons are produced and transferred to the anode. A power source is activated to increase a potential between the anode and the cathode, such that electrons and protons combine to produce hydrogen gas. One system for producing hydrogen includes a reaction chamber having a wall defining an interior of the reactor and an exterior of the reaction chamber. An anode is provided which is at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber and a cathode is also provided which is at least partially contained within the interior of the reaction chamber. The cathode is spaced apart at a distance in the range between 0.1-100 centimeters, inclusive, from the anode. A conductive conduit for electrons is provided which is in electrical communication with the anode and the cathode and a power source for enhancing an electrical potential between the anode and cathode is included which is in electrical communication at least with the cathode. A first channel defining a passage from the exterior of the reaction chamber to the interior of the reaction chamber is also included.

The invention relates to a garlic wastewater treatment method and a device. The garlic wastewater treatment device comprises a wastewater regulating tank, an advanced oxidation reaction sedimentation tank, a multistage hypoxic and anaerobic reaction tank, an aerobiotic contact oxidation tank and a multilayer aerobiotic activity filtration tower, wherein the advanced oxidation reaction sedimentation tank comprises a mixing region and a sedimentation region; the multistage hypoxic and anaerobic reaction tank comprises a facultative section, a hypoxic section and an anaerobic section; an aeration controlling system is arranged at the middle lower part in the aerobiotic contact oxidation tank and comprises an aeration disc, an air blower and a dissolved oxygen measurement controlling device; and the multistage hypoxic and anaerobic reaction tank adopts multistage arrangement, particle sizes of a filter material are gradually decreased from top to bottom, an air inlet, a water collection groove and a water outlet pipe are arranged at the bottom of the filtration tower, and disinfection equipment is installed at the upper part of the water collection groove and is connected with a chloride dioxide generator. The garlic wastewater treatment device has a simple structure, is lower in manufacturing cost, is suitable for sewage treatment of larger volume and has very good treating effect to garlic wastewater.

The invention discloses a method for rapidly and efficiently degrading pollutants through ultraviolet catalytic wet oxidation at the normal temperature and normal pressure and designs a typical device for implementing the method. In the method, ultraviolet light, an oxidant and a catalyst are introduced into a reaction system; and a wet oxidation reaction can be performed under the mild conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure by utilizing the synergistic catalytic oxidation of the ultraviolet light, the oxidant and the catalyst. Compared with the traditional catalytic wet oxidation method which needs to be implemented under the reaction conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the method can be implemented under the conditions of a temperature of between 25 and 80 DEG C and normal pressure, wherein organic pollutants in high-concentration toxic and hazardous waste water can be decomposed to be harmless components such as carbon dioxide (CO2), water and the like through the high oxidizing property; and the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) chromium (Cr) after the treatment of a plurality of representative high-concentration organic waste water can reach over 95 percent, and the biochemical property can be improved obviously. The method has the advantages of mild reaction, high treating efficiency, complete degradation, clean and environmental-friendly process, energy conservation and wide application prospect.

The present invention provides a technique of reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide included in a hydrogen rich gas, which is fed as a supply of gaseous fuel to fuel cells. It is required that the activity of a carbon monoxide selective oxidation reaction for reducing the concentration of carbon monoxide is kept at a sufficiently high level in a wider temperature range. A CO selective oxidation unit 34, which reduces the concentration of carbon monoxide included in a hydrogen rich gas fed to fuel cells 20, has a carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst that includes a second element, such as lithium, in addition to ruthenium as a primary component. This arrangement enables the activity of the carbon monoxide selective oxidation reaction in the CO selective oxidation unit 34 to be kept at a sufficiently high level in a wider temperature range.

The invention relates to a technique of nitrococcus and anaerobic ammonium-oxidation bacteria immobilization and mesothermal sewage treatment, which consists of nitrococcus immobilization technique and anaerobic ammonium-oxidation bacteria immobilization technique and combination of the two techniques is realized in an anaerobic baffled reactor under the condition of 20 to 25 DEG C. Concentration of nitrogen of the inlet sewage is below 100mg L<-1>; nitrite is produced during the middle part by nitrosoation reaction; the rest ammonia is carried out the anaerobic ammonium-oxidation reaction with the nitrite that the nitrogen is produced to get out of the system to ensure the nitrogen in the sewage be high efficiently removed in the mesothermal condition.The invention has the advantages that: (1) environment of vector is in favor of proliferation of biological cell, which can raise the concentration of microbiology which participate reaction to enhance reaction efficiency; (2) under the situation of no consumption of organic carbon source and acid-bases neutralizer as well as decrease of oxygen consumption, biological nitrogen removal can be realized and sewage treatment temperature is lowered to 20 to 25 DEG C, which has great energy-saving benefit.

An electrochemical sensor for organic molecules such as ethylene includes an electrochemical cell, gas sample inlet means and means for detecting current produced by the oxidation of the organic molecule at the anode of the cell. The sensor is capable of sensing multiple organic molecules in some embodiments. A voltage is applied to the anode of the cell to provide energy to drive the oxidation reaction and produce a corresponding current. The sensor of the invention can be made as a small, hand-held unit that is capable of real-time detection of various organic species.

The invention discloses a method for harmless treatment of arsenic sulfide slag, which comprises the following steps: adding water to arsenic sulfide slag at room temperature, mixing to obtain mixture I, adding sodium sulfide to react to obtain mixture II, and then Add oxidant to carry out oxidation reaction to obtain mixture III, then add iron salt or aluminum salt for reaction to obtain mixture IV, and then add cement. The invention has the advantages of being able to effectively reduce the arsenic leaching concentration of the arsenic sulfide slag, the treated arsenic sulfide slag meets the requirements for hazardous waste landfill, simple process flow, small volume increase, strong operability, short stirring time, and low consumption.

The invention provides an electrically enhanced anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction method belonging to the technical field of water treatment. The device comprises a cylindrical anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor, two electrodes are arranged in the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor, a tubular iron electrode is used as an anode, a cylindrical graphite electrode is used as a cathode, and the electrodes are connected with an external DC stabilizing power supply through wires. The lengths of the electrodes are 30-40% of the effective height of the reactor, and the lowest inserting positions of the electrodes are 1 / 2 parts of the effective height of the reactor. Under the action of externally applied voltage (optimally, 0.6V voltage and less than 5mA current), the dissolution of iron in the anode is effectively controlled, and the growth of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria is promoted. The results of experiment tests show that the nitrogen removal efficiency of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria is increased by electrochemical action and coupling in a biologic treatment process, the removal of nitrate nitrogen byproducts in the ANAMMOX process is enhanced, and the device has higher total nitrogen removal efficiency than reference reactors. The starting time of the ANAMMOX technology is shortened, and the total nitrogen removal capability of the ANAMMOX process is effectively improved.

A shift reaction section 32 is designed to have a maximum capacity of about 40% of the maximum capacity of reforming section 30. When hydrogen-rich gas is supplied to the shift reaction section 32 in excess of its maximum capacity, a blower 46 supplies air to the hydrogen-rich gas in an amount corresponding to the supply of hydrogen-rich gas, and oxidation reaction of carbon monoxide is performed in addition to the shift reaction. By controlling the amount of air supplied, the carbon monoxide concentration at the exit of the shift reaction section 32 is maintained at a concentration less than a predetermined value. As a result, a fuel reformer 20 can be made compact, and at the same time, the energy required to increase the temperature at the time of start up can be reduced.

The invention discloses a recovery device and a recovery method of metallic copper of a waste printed circuit board. The device comprises a microbial fuel cell, a reactor for leaching copper of the waste printed circuit board and an Fe<2+> biological oxidation reactor. The recovery method comprises the steps: firstly, iron-oxidizing bacteria in the Fe<2+> biological oxidation reactor oxidizes Fe<2+> into Fe<3+>; then the solution containing Fe<3+> is inputted into the reactor for leaching copper of the waste printed circuit board, the metallic copper is oxidized into Cu<2+> by Fe<3+>, and at the same time, Fe<3+> is reduced into Fe<2+>; and finally, the solution containing Cu<2+> is inputted into a cathode chamber of the microbial fuel cell, Cu<2+> is reduced into the metallic copper in the cathode chamber of the microbial fuel cell, while Fe<2+> in the cathode chamber of the microbial fuel cell is inputted to the Fe<2+> biological oxidation reactor and then is oxidized into Fe<3+>. The recovery device and the recovery method not only reduce the energy consumption, but also can gain electric energy, and simultaneously reduce the use of chemical reagents and the environmental pollution of organic waste.

The present invention is directed to a fuel reformer device that produces a hydrogen rich gas from a hydrocarbon and steam. The steam reforming reaction that produces the hydrogen rich gas from the hydrocarbon and steam is endothermic. A known technique supplies heat required for the steam reforming reaction by an exothermic oxidation reaction proceeding in parallel with the steam reforming reaction. This known technique may, however, cause an excessive temperature rise in an area of the vigorous oxidation reaction in the fuel reformer device.A reformer unit 34 including a Cu—Zn catalyst receives a supply of a crude fuel gas containing the air flown through a second fuel supply conduit 64. The crude fuel gas is subjected to the steam reforming reaction and the oxidation reaction proceeding inside the reformer unit 34. A resulting hydrogen rich gaseous fuel is discharged to a third fuel supply conduit 65. The reformer unit 34 includes an upper stream reaction unit 80 and a lower stream reaction unit 81. Both the reaction units 80 and 81 have honeycomb structures, wherein the total sectional area of the flow path in the upper stream reaction unit 80 is made smaller than the total sectional area of the flow path in the lower stream reaction unit 81. This arrangement causes the gas flowing through the reformer unit 34 to have the higher flow velocity on the upstream side than on the downstream side. The higher flow velocity on the upstream side extends the area of the vigorous oxidation reaction to the lower stream portion and enables the heat generated on the upstream side to be effectively transmitted to the lower stream portion. This arrangement thus effectively prevents an excessive temperature rise on the upstream side.

The invention relates to an improvement of a method for treating wastewater generated during glyphosate production, which is characterized in that the improved method comprises the following steps: firstly, adding water to dilute the wastewater until the content of salt is less than or equal to 4%; adjusting the pH to 7.5-9.5; carrying out anaerobic biochemistry in the presence of drimophilousbacteria to destroy the structure of organics difficult to dissolve; adjusting effluent to acidity to carry out Fe-C micro-electrolysis reaction; adding alkali up to neutrality or alkalinity, adding drugs to coagulate and precipitate; adding oxidizer into effluent to carry out aeration strong oxidation reaction; and adjusting the pH of effluent to 7-9 to carry out aerobic biochemistry in the presence of drimophilousbacteria. In the invention, the anaerobic biochemistry, materialization and aerobic biochemistry treatment processes are adopted, thereby providing a process route which has simple and practical process and low cost and is high efficient and reliable, and simultaneously has dual effects on lowering treatment cost and improving treatment effect; and the treated effluent can reach the ''National Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard'' (GB-8978-1996).

A process for the improved separation of a hydrophobic organic solution from an aqueous culture medium is provided. The process includes preparing an aqueous culture medium of a metabolically active cell having a decreased activity; contacting of the aqueous culture medium with a hydrophobic organic solution comprising a substrate for biotransformation; conducting a biotransformation of the substrate; and separating the hydrophobic organic solution comprising a biotransformed substrate from the aqueous culture medium. The decreased activity of the metabolically active cell is in comparison to a wild-type of the active cell and the decreased activity is of at least of one enzyme that catalyses one reaction of β-oxidation of fatty acids. The invention further provides a metabolically active cell that has a decreased activity, compared to its wild-type, of an enzyme that catalyses one of the reactions of the β-oxidation of fatty acids, including an enzyme selected from FadA, FadB, FadD, FadL and FadE as well as variants thereof.

The invention relates to a high-efficiency stable short-range nitration-anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological denitrification method. The method disclosed by the invention couples the biological membrane and embedding technologies, can be used for immobilizing the anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacterium by adopting a modified embedding material with good mass transfer property and is put into a porous biological membrane spherical carrier with nitrococcus to intensify the mass transfer process, can be used for regulating the microbe enrichment degree according to the speed of nitrosation- anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, realizes the coordinating exertion of the biological effect of two bacteria and achieves the continuous, coordinating and stable operation of the process by adopting an up-flow expanded bed reactor and optimally controlling process conditions, thereby realizing the simplicity, stabilization, efficiency and economization of a short-range nitration-anaerobic ammonia oxidation process.

The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage biological denitrification treatment, and particularly relates to a quick start method and system for integrated short-range denitrification anaerobic ammonia oxidation for water treatment. The method includes the steps of pretreating industrial nitrate wastewater, deploying urban domestic wastewater, mixing the wastewater and performing a coupled reaction of short-range denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation. The system includes a nitrate wastewater pretreating water tank, an urban wastewater diluting water tank, a wastewater mixing water tank, an organic nitrogen source water tank, and a UASB biofilm reactor. The technical solution provided by the invention can realize the quick start of the in-situ coupled reaction of short-range denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation for the treatment of the industrial nitrate wastewater and the urban domestic sewage through control of water inlet modes and parameters in start-up stages, and realize high-efficiency and deep removal of nitrogen and carbon, and is an economical energy-saving wastewater biological treatment process with great application prospects and value.

The invention discloses an interlock-control modular Fenton reagent wastewater treatment method and device. The wastewater sequentially goes through a first adjusting tank, a second adjusting tank, a strong oxidation reaction tank, a pH value back-adjusting tank and a flocculating tank, wherein the pH value of the wastewater is adjusted to 3.0-5.0 in the first adjusting tank; H2O2 is added after the wastewater enters the second adjusting tank so as to control the redox potential of the wastewater in the strong-oxidation reaction tank to 1.8-2.8V; the wastewater reacts in the strong-oxidation reaction tank; sodium hydroxide is added into the pH value back-adjusting tank so that the pH value of the wastewater is adjusted back to 6-9; finally, the wastewater enters the flocculating tank, and a flocculating agent is added into the flocculating tank. In the method and device disclosed by the invention, with multiple reaction tanks, the reaction is more sufficient, the generation of intermediate products is reduced, the oxidant utilization rate is improved, continuous water supply and continuous reaction are realized, the automation degree and accuracy of the drug adding amount are improved, quantization control on drug adding can be realized, and the operation error and operation difficulty are reduced.

An electrochemical sensor for organic molecules such as ethylene includes an electrochemical cell, gas sample inlet means and means for detecting current produced by the oxidation of the organic molecule at the anode of the cell. The sensor is capable of sensing multiple organic molecules in some embodiments. A voltage is applied to the anode of the cell to provide energy to drive the oxidation reaction and produce a corresponding current. The sensor of the invention can be made as a small, hand-held unit that is capable of real-time detection of various organic species.

The invention discloses a chemical pharmaceutical wastewater pretreatment enhancement device. The device comprises an enhanced coagulation reaction basin, a first vertical sedimentation basin, a multiphase Fenton oxidation reactor, an ozone oxidation treatment system and a second vertical sedimentation basin which are orderly communicated; and meanwhile, the invention discloses an enhancement treatment method of the device. In comparison with the traditional homogeneous phase Fenton method, the multiphase Fenton oxidation method is wider in suitable pH value, and faster in oxidation rate and better in degradation effect, and can provide catalyst iron ion for the ozone at the same time; the ozone has strong oxidation degradation effect on the organic pollutants in the water, and is capable of converting the complex organic pollutants into simple organics to realize the functions of decoloring, deodorizing, reducing COD and improving biodegradability, and the ozone has the advantages of being fast in speed, good in effect, free from secondary pollution, capable of producing in place and easily obtaining raw materials when reacting with the organic pollutants; and the multiphase Fenton oxidation method and the ozone oxidation form the organic coupling so as to effectively enhance the pretreatment effect of the chemical pharmaceutical wastewater.

A catalyst composition comprising at least one precious metal, wherein the catalyst composition is capable of catalyzing, in the presence of a halogen ion or a mixture of halogen ions, a charging reaction and a discharging reaction in a regenerative fuel cell. This disclosure relates to electrodes comprising those catalysts that are useful in fuel cells. The catalysts are active towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and porous electrodes are made in a process designed to control their porosity. The catalysts and electrodes are employed in regenerative fuel cells comprising hydrogen and halogen acid or mixture of halogen acids. The catalysts are particularly useful in hydrogen / bromine reduction / oxidation reactions. The catalysts exhibit highly acceptable life and performance.

The invention relates to a catalyst for alkane ammoxidation, which mainly aims at solving the problems of bad stability of the catalyst caused by that stibium requires circumfluence and Te is easy to volatilize in the prior art. Carrier containing silicon dioxide and atomic ratio are adopted to calculate the composition of general formula as MoVaNbbTecDdOx, wherein, D is at least one kind, which is selected from Sn, Ti, Fe, Bi, Sb or W; the preparation environment is changed by adjusting pH value by adding with acid in the process of preparation. Firstly the corresponding salt or oxide of Mo and Te is dissolved, then the solution of the corresponding salt or oxide of V and Nb is respectively added and acid with required amount is added for adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution, and at last silicasol with the required amount is added for preparing the catalyst. The technical proposal better solves the problems. The catalyst of the invention has the advantages of excellent stability of oxidation and reduction, low reaction temperature, clean reaction product and being capable of keeping higher yield for a long time, thus being suitable for preparing unsaturated nitriles with alkane ammoxidation in industrial production.

The invention discloses a method and a device for oxidizing sulphite grout in a wet flue gas desulfurization process. The method comprises the following steps: (1) collecting the sulphite grout generated due to the absorption of alkali liquid at an upper section of a desulfurization tower into a grout tank at a lower section of the same desulfurization tower; (2) introducing oxygen-containing gas into a creeping discharge reactor outside the desulfurization tower, and converting the oxygen-containing gas into active gas containing oxygen active substances; (3) injecting the active gas as an oxidizing agent into the sulphite grout, and oxidizing the sulphite grout to form sulfate grout. According to the device, the creeping discharge reactor is arranged outside the grout tank, so that the oxidation rate is increased, the use amount of the oxygen-containing gas is reduced, meanwhile, phenomena of electrode corrosion and grout backflow are avoided, a wet desulfurization absorption process and an oxidation process are integrated and are finished in the same desulfurization tower, an additional oxidation reactor is omitted, the process is simplified, and the cost is lowered.

An object of the present invention is to provide a catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction in which: even under reaction conditions of a higher gas pressure, a higher concentration of the raw material gas and a larger space velocity of a reaction gas, the thermal accumulation at the hot spot portion can be sufficiently suppressed with ease and at low costs, so that the reaction can be continued for a long time while a high yield is maintained. As a means of achieving this object, a catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction according to the present invention is a catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction with molecular oxygen or a molecular-oxygen-containing gas by using a fixed-bed multitubular reactor packed with catalysts; with the catalytic gas phase oxidation reaction being characterized in that: a catalyst-packed layer of each reaction tube of the reactor is divided into at least two reaction zones in a tubular axial direction; and the packing of the catalysts is such that the occupation volumes of the catalysts differ between at least two of the reaction zones and that an inert substance molding is mixed in at least one of the reaction zones.

The objectives of the present invention are to prevent or inhibit the deterioration of optical systems that determine the longevity of an optical apparatus which delivers effects such as light transmission, diffraction, reflection, spectrum generation, and interference, and these combinations, and by so doing, decrease the frequency of maintenance operations such as window replacement and to reduce the costs for such operations. This invention is characterized by steps of creating a near vacuum zone with a presence of active energy to excite an oxidation reaction of carbon wherein the near vacuum zone faces the lighting surfaces of the optical system; generating negative ions or radicals in the near vacuum zone such as unstable chemical seeds containing oxygen atoms, such as OH radicals, OH− ions, ozone, O2− ions, O-radicals; and removing or reducing the accumulated carbon which deposits on the lighting surface, by reacting the deposited carbon with the negative ions or radicals. More specifically, the method according to this invention is characterized by the step of supplying active energy while supplying a flow of gases containing oxygen atoms such as water gas or oxidizing gas (for example, water vapor, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, ozone or mixtures of said gases with inactive gases (including air)) into the near vacuum zone, thereby removing or reducing the accumulated carbon which deposits on the lighting surface by exciting the oxidation reaction of the accumulated carbon with the supplied active energy.

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic wastewater treatment, and specifically relates to a treatment method and a treatment device of high-salinity and high-COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) organic wastewater. The treatment method is characterized by mixing a catalytic oxidation assistant in the high-salinity and high-COD organic wastewater in advance, preheating, entering a stationary bed reactor, and carrying out oxidation reaction with an oxidant, thus oxidizing organic matters in wastewater into H2O and CO2; carrying out flash evaporation and evaporation concentration on a reaction solution after reaction, and desalting. Meanwhile, the invention provides the treatment device of the high-salinity and high-COD organic wastewater. According to the treatment method and the treatment device, provided by the invention, soluble ferrite is combined with V2O5 / SBA-15, and a synergistic effect between the soluble ferrite and the V2O5 / SBA-15 is fully expressed, so that the organicmatters in the wastewater can be quickly and deeply oxidized so as to be removed; the content of COD in the high-salinity and high-COD organic wastewater is greatly reduced, water and solid salt canbe effectively separated, the content of the organic matters in the water and the solid salt is low, the separated water can be reused, and the solid salt can also be used as a byproduct.

A method in treating aqueous feedstream in diverse plant site environments is disclosed for improving filter flux rates, cleaning filter media and prolonging useful operative life of media. In preferred embodiments the method is provided with steps for contacting, reacting, pressurizing and equalizing ozone and feedstream within a central area or multiple areas and sustaining high pressure throughout the system to achieve qualitatively and quantitatively improved permeate products, and reject for recycle. The method and system provide an improved cleaning and processing system characterized by an ozone-concentrated, homogeneous single phase liquid conversion of a generated ozone gas mixture and a feedstream source containing organic and inorganic pollutants. The method improves and monitors ozone oxidizing power and reflecting ORP values, and provides further media cleaning and improved oxidation reactions for attack on pollutants on each cycle / recycle operation.

Desulfurization of hydrocarbon feeds is achieved by first contacting the entire feed with a hydrodesulfurization catalyst in a hydrodesulfurization reaction zone operating under mild conditions; a flashing column downstream of the hydrodesulfurization reaction zone fractionates the effluent to obtain a first fraction which contains refractory organosulfur compounds and a second fraction that is substantially free of organosulfur compounds, since the organosulfur compounds boiling in the range of this fraction were the labile organosulfur compounds which were initially removed by mild hydrodesulfurization. The first fraction is contacted with a gaseous oxidizing agent over an oxidation catalyst having a formula CuxZn1-xAl2O4 in a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction zone to convert the refractory organosulfur compounds to SOx and low sulfur hydrocarbons. The by-product SOx is subsequently removed, producing a stream containing a reduced level of organosulfur compounds.

The invention discloses a novel hair-imitating anti-freezing pipeline suitable for a low-temperature environment, and belongs to the field of pipeline equipment. The pipeline is characterized in thatmultiple heat release pores accommodating heat release balloons can be preset on the outer surface of the pipeline by imitating hairs on an animal body; meanwhile, a suspended cold contracting movingball is innovatively arranged, and the cold contracting moving ball actively moves under the action of magnetic attraction by means of the characteristic of contracting during cold; and water squeezedout during contraction is frozen along a double-state hair needle to form an ice needle, so that the heat release balloons are punctured to trigger an oxidation reaction to release a large amount ofheat. According to the pipeline, the released heat is used for heating and protecting the pipeline, so that the damage of external low temperature to the pipeline is prevented; after the temperature rises, the cold contracting moving ball can rise again to return to an original position and repeat the action so that the external temperature can be automatically sensed, and then the pipeline heating action can be triggered; and the pipeline is effectively subjected to heat preservation by imitating the animal hairs, so that the anti-freezing performance of the pipeline to the external low temperature is remarkably improved.