The invention discloses a file management system based on two-dimension codes. The system comprises a main controller, a file memory, a two-dimension code encryption terminal, a two-dimension code decryption terminal and a photoelectric identification head, wherein a management executing module is arranged in the main controller, the two-dimension code encryption terminal and the photoelectric identification head are respectively connected with the main controller, the photoelectric identification head is also connected with the two-dimension code decryption terminal, the file memory comprises a ordinary storage bin, a temporary storage bin and an information allocation file, the ordinary storage bin is used for storing independent information units, the temporary storage bin is used for temporarily storing the stored information which is not stored in the ordinary storage bin, the temporary storage bin is a complementary set of the ordinary storage bin, the information allocation file is used for storing the allocation and management information of information files, and the main controller is connected with a client; and by means of the technical scheme, the system can effectively solve the problems of file information filing and the repeated storage and information error of the information in the transfer link and realize the long-time storage and information transmission of classified files.