A lithium battery includes a substrate, a positive electrode layer, a negative electrode layer, and a sulfide solid electrolyte layer disposed between the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer, the positive electrode layer, the negative electrode layer, and the sulfide solid electrolyte layer being provided on the substrate. In this lithium battery, the positive electrode layer is formed by a vapor-phase deposition method, and a buffer layer that suppresses nonuniformity of distribution of lithium ions near the interface between the positive electrode layer and the sulfide solid electrolyte layer is provided between the positive electrode layer and the sulfide solid electrolyte layer. As the buffer layer, a lithium-ion conductive oxide, in particular, LixLa(2-x)/3TiO3 (x=0.1 to 0.5), Li7+xLa3Zr2O12+(x/2) (−5≦×≦3, preferably −2≦×≦2), or LiNbO3 is preferably used.