51 results about "Active surface area" patented technology

Disclosed herein are methods for producing electrodes comprising single-layer 1T′-transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheets. The method includes filtering a suspension of single-layer 1T′-TMD nanosheets over a polymeric substrate to produce the electrode, wherein, the single-layer 1T′-TMD nanosheets of the electrode are no more than 1,000 nm in thickness; the electrode comprises at least 70% 1T′-phase; and the electrode has a calculated electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) that is about 10-fold higher than that of a control electrode, which comprises 2H-TMD nanosheets. Also disclosed herein are methods for deionizing a fluid. The method includes steps of discharging the fluid in an electrochemical capacitor at a constant voltage of no more than 0.5 V to deionize the fluid, wherein the electrochemical capacitor is characterized in having the electrode comprising single-layer 1T′-TMD nanosheets produced by the present method.

The invention belongs to the field of electrocatalyst preparation and application, and particularly relates to a CNS-FeNi2S4 / NF composite electrocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the preparation method, a one-step hydrothermal method and a one-step solvothermal method are adopted, foamed nickel is taken as a substrate, and FeNi2S4 supported by cocatalysts CNS with different contents is loaded on the foamed nickel, so that the CNS-FeNi2S4 / NF composite electrocatalyst is obtained. By optimizing the content of the cocatalyst CNS, the composite electrocatalyst with excellent oxygen evolution performance is obtained, the overpotential of the electrocatalyst is reduced, and the electrochemical active surface area is increased, so that the composite electrocatalyst is subjected to electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline solution, and has high activity and good stability. The catalyst has the advantages of low cost, simple synthesis steps, greenness, no pollution and the like.

Despite the existence and deployment of a range of antimicrobial / disinfectant / sterilization technologies and products, transmission of infectious diseases remains a significant problem worldwide, continuing to cause hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths every year of both human beings and animals. State-of-the-art technologies suffer from several disadvantages including being discrete in space and time, being overly dependent on human skill and discipline, and in some cases having harmful side-effects to human health. This invention proposes a series of industrial grade antimicrobial product designs, and materials and methods to make them highly effective products that offer continuous antimicrobial action, with minimum dependence on human discipline and skill once deployed, and with no harmful side-effects. Methods may include either or both first and second materials be formed by vapor or solution-based coating schemes and many may be antimicrobial in nature. Nanopores and / or nanotubes produce an ultra-high anti-microbially active surface area.

The invention discloses a multi-stage plate-type electro-catalytic membrane reactor for degrading organic matters in reverse osmosis concentrated water of coking wastewater and application of the multi-stage plate-type electro-catalytic membrane reactor. The multi-stage plate-type electro-catalytic membrane reactor is internally provided with a chamber for electrochemical reaction, and consists of a plurality of cathode chambers and anode chambers which are the same in number and are uniformly alternated, a conductive contact pin, a water inlet end and a water outlet end, the distance between every two cavities is 10 mm, the multiple cathode chambers and the multiple anode chambers which are the same in number and are evenly and alternately arranged are detachable plate faces, operation is convenient, and environment friendliness is achieved. The multi-stage plate-type electro-catalytic membrane reactor is simple in design, wastewater runs in the reactor in a circulation mode, mass transfer can be improved, the electrochemical active surface area can be increased, the current utilization efficiency can be improved through a parallel power connection mode, and the service life of the reactor is prolonged. The device has the advantages of high organic matter removal efficiency, convenience in actual operation, automatic management, good stability, low operation energy consumption, reusability and the like, and has research significance in the field of electrochemical water treatment.

This invention discloses a Pt / O-NCP catalyst and its preparation method. It utilizes self-developed nanoporous carbon (NCP) as a support, which is modified to change the internal pores from a hydrophobic to a hydrophilic state. A special preparation method is then used to obtain the noble metal catalyst Pt / O-NCP. During catalyst loading, most Pt nanoparticles are located within the mesopores of the support, maximizing the direct contact between the polymer and Pt (sulfonic acid poisoning). This solves the problems in existing catalysts where Pt nanoparticles are prone to dissolution and carbon corrosion under voltage fluctuations, leading to Pt growth and aggregation, thus avoiding the reduction in catalytic performance caused by a decrease in the active surface area of ​​the catalyst. Furthermore, this catalyst can also address the significant decrease in overpotential of ordinary carbon support materials under low humidity, resolving the typical performance degradation of PEMFCs under low humidity conditions.

The application discloses a method for synthesizing Au-Pt nanowire arrays by an electrochemical deposition method on carbon paper with aniline as a ligand and application thereof, and can be applied to methanol electro-oxidation reaction. After growing gold nanowire arrays on a conductive substrate by using an electrochemical deposition method with aniline as a ligand, Au-Pt nanowires are synthesized by a secondary electro-deposition mode. The electrochemical deposition has controllable reduction capacity, convenient operation and environmental friendliness. The combination of gold nanowires and platinum (Pt) can significantly improve the activity of a catalyst. The diameter of gold-platinum nanowires prepared by the electrochemical deposition method assisted by an aniline ligand can reach 30 nanometers. The increase in the size is helpful to expand the electrochemical active surface area, thereby enhancing the electron transmission efficiency and further improving the electro-catalytic performance. The gold nanowires are integrated into platinum-based nanomaterials, and for an anode catalyst of a direct methanol fuel cell, the gold nanowires can significantly improve the catalytic efficiency of a methanol oxidation reaction.

The utility model discloses a microporous irregular fluctuating semiconductor substrate, which comprises a substrate body, the substrate body comprises a top surface, a bottom surface and side surfaces, the top surface and the bottom surface are irregular fluctuating surfaces, and the substrate body is provided with a plurality of micropores communicated with the top surface and the bottom surface. Particularly, the fluctuating root mean square value of the irregular fluctuating surface is not less than 10 nanometers, the equivalent diameter of the micropores is between 1 micrometer and 100 micrometers, and the hole pitch of the micropores is between 1 micrometer and 100 micrometers. According to the utility model, the maximum utilization of the active surface area can be realized, the mass transfer effect is effectively promoted, the reaction activity of the surface in the semiconductor deposition process is improved, and the resistance of a semiconductor device to oxidation erosion is improved.

The invention provides an iron nickel phosphide coated NiMoO4 nano array electrocatalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, dissolving a first nickel salt and a molybdenum source in water, carrying out first heating reaction together with foamed nickel, and carrying out heat preservation, so that a NiMoO4 nano array grows on the surface of the foamed nickel to obtain a product; s2, ammonium fluoride, urea, ferric salt and second nickel salt are dissolved in water and then mixed with a product obtained in the step S1, a second heating reaction is conducted, heat preservation is conducted, a FeNi-LDH shell layer grows on the surface of the NiMoO4 nano array, and a product is obtained; s3, hypophosphite and a product obtained in the step S2 are subjected to high-temperature phosphating treatment, FeNi-LDH is converted into a Fe3P / Ni3P heterojunction structure, and the NiMoO4 nano array electrocatalyst coated with the iron-nickel phosphide is obtained. The electrocatalyst has a relatively high active surface area, and has relatively good catalytic performance and stability when being used for electrolyzing seawater.

The invention belongs to the technical field of groundwater pollution treatment, and discloses a dynamic evaluation method and system for the service performance of a PRB material in groundwater pollution remediation, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining a pollution remediation concentration curve, and calculating the actual removal amount of a filling material to hexavalent chromium pollutants according to the concentration curve; calculating the active surface area of the filling material, and establishing a correlation model of the active surface area and the removal performance of the filling material based on the active surface and the actual removal amount; measuring complex resistivity spectrum data of different areas at different time points of the polluted site and extracting characteristic parameters of the complex resistivity spectrum data to obtain complex resistivity characteristic parameters; and constructing a mapping model of the actual removal amount of the hexavalent chromium pollutants and the complex resistivity characteristic parameters, and performing zoned quantitative evaluation on the service performance of the filling material based on a calculation result of the mapping model. According to the invention, a whole-process dynamic evaluation system of the repair concentration, the adsorption performance and the electro-physical characteristics is integrated, and real-time dynamic monitoring and quantitative evaluation of the material performance in the in-situ repair project are realized.

The application relates to the field of organic electrochemistry, in particular to a catalytic material, a preparation method thereof and application of the catalytic material in electrocatalytic selective oxidation of alcohols to assist hydrogen production. The application synthesizes a high-efficiency stable bimetallic doped nickel-based metal phosphide catalytic material through a simple hydrothermal and phosphorization method, optimizes the electronic structure of a catalyst surface, and further increases active sites of the catalyst. The catalytic material presents a relatively rough sheet structure, forms a three-dimensional net-like pore structure, enhances the diffusion capacity of ions and electrons at an interface, effectively increases the active surface area in a contact area between an electrode and an electrolyte, and thus improves the catalytic efficiency and kinetic performance. The catalytic material is used in electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols to assist hydrogen evolution, is helpful to renewable energy driven electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction, greatly reduces hydrogen production energy consumption and improves hydrogen production rate, and simultaneously catalyzes directional oxidation of alcohols to obtain acid and other high-value-added chemicals.

The present application relates to a kind of NiFeMo-based spherical porous composite catalytic material and its preparation method and application, belong to electrocatalytic material technical field.The present application is aimed at solving the problems of complex preparation process of existing material, powder is easy to agglomerate, insufficient controllability of morphology and limited continuous preparation capacity.A kind of NiFeMo-based spherical porous composite catalytic material is provided, it is the composite powder containing Ni, Fe, Mo element, presents monodisperse spherical particle, with multi-level porous structure, Ni, Fe, Mo molar ratio is 10:10:(0.5~2);It is prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis one-step method.The electrochemical active surface area of the material of the present application reaches 0.6303 cm 2 , higher than NiFeV (0.3360 cm 2 ) And NiMo (0.1485 cm 2 ) ; Hydrogen evolution driving potential is smaller, charge transfer resistance is lower, and it is suitable for alkaline electrolytic water cathode hydrogen evolution catalyst.

This invention relates to a method for preparing a hollow spherical, chlorine-free PtCu / C catalyst and its application. The preparation method includes the following steps: calcining a carbon support in a reducing atmosphere; dispersing the calcined carbon support in an alcohol-water mixture and adding an oxidant for a hydrothermal reaction; uniformly dispersing the hydrothermally reacted carbon support in the alcohol-water mixture and adjusting the pH to acidic to obtain a carbon support suspension; and adding Pt(NH4+)4 to the carbon support. 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 Solution and Cu(NH4) 3 ) 4 (OH) 2 A carbon-supported suspension was added to the solution, followed by reduction with a reducing agent to obtain a chlorine-free PtCu / C catalyst, wherein the PtCu is a nano-hollow sphere structure. This invention eliminates the contamination caused by residual Cl ions in existing catalysts; the synergistic and ligand effects between Pt and Cu atoms weaken the adsorption strength of oxygen-containing intermediates at Pt sites during the ORR process, lowering the reaction energy barrier of the catalyst in the oxygen reduction process; the high atomic utilization and large electrochemical active surface area of ​​the hollow sphere structure also facilitate the catalytic reaction, resulting in excellent ORR electrocatalytic activity and stability of the catalyst.

An electrode (2) comprising a sheet made of lithium or a lithium alloy coated on at least one of its faces with a coating (5) comprising at least one compound capable of lithiasis at a potential between 0 and 1 V with respect to Li+ / Li, characterized by an electrochemically active surface area S ranging from 100 to 1700 cm² per cm² of lithium or lithium alloy, the electrochemically active surface area being defined by the relation S = 1 + SBET × electrode weight where: - SBET (cm² / g) is the surface area BET of the compound capable of lithiasis at a potential between 0 and 1 V with respect to Li+ / Li; - the electrode weight (g / cm²) is the mass of compound capable of lithiasis at a potential between 0 and 1 V with respect to Li+ / Li deposited per cm² of lithium or lithium alloy. Abbreviated figure: Figure 1

The application discloses a kind of ligand control oxygen evolution catalyst surface reconfiguration method and catalyst and application.The method involves ligand tuning surface reconstruction, can simultaneously incorporate doped cation and oxygen vacancy, to improve the catalytic activity of OER.By using nickel telluride, nickel oxide, nickel sulfide or nickel selenide as a pre-catalyst, based on the ligand-induced delayed doping effect using ammonia complex in alkaline electrolyte, a surface engineering heterojunction structure consisting of nickel-based pre-catalyst and (oxy) hydroxide is developed.The method of the application is simple in process, easy to operate, and can be popularized in industry;And the oxygen evolution catalyst prepared has the characteristics of rich active site and oxygen vacancy, large chemical active surface area, good stability, controllable, low cost.

The invention discloses an all-vanadium redox flow battery carbon felt based on W-CCN and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and the method comprises the following steps: mixing and dissolving urea and ammonium metatungstate in deionized water, heating in a water bath, stirring, evaporating to dryness, mixing with lithium chloride, uniformly grinding, sequentially roasting, cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying to obtain the all-vanadium redox flow battery carbon felt based on W-CCN. The W-CCN composite material is obtained; the W-CCN composite material is prepared into a W-CCN solution; and soaking the carbon felt in the W-CCN solution, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the W-CCN-based all-vanadium redox flow battery carbon felt. W-CCN is loaded on the carbon felt, and tungsten is used as an efficient catalytic center to accelerate positive and negative electrode electron transfer, so that the activation energy is reduced, and side reactions are reduced; the W-CCN nanostructure increases the electrochemical active surface area, more active sites are exposed, and the utilization rate of the electrolyte is improved; the nitrogen functional group improves the hydrophilicity of the carbon felt, ensures full permeation of electrolyte and reduces ion transmission ohmic polarization; and the W-N bond slows down electrochemical corrosion and oxidation of the carbon felt, improves the electrode durability and prolongs the cycle life of the battery.

Method for manufacturing a negative electrode (10) for an electrochemical cell of a lithium metal battery, the method comprising: Providing an electrically conductive metal substrate; Providing a non-aqueous, liquid electrolyte solution, including a lithium salt dissolved in a polar aprotic organic solvent; at least partial immersion of a surface of the metal substrate in the electrolyte solution; and Establishing an electrical potential between the metal substrate and a counter electrode (32) that is at least partially immersed in the electrolyte solution, so that lithium ions in the electrolyte solution are reduced to metallic lithium and deposited on the surface of the metal substrate in the form of a porous three-dimensional columnar lithium metal layer (18, 20) in order to increase an active surface area of ​​the lithium metal layer due to its porosity, wherein the lithium salt lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) and the polar aprotic organic solvents fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC), and wherein the columnar lithium metal layer (18,20) comprises a plurality of polycrystalline or amorphous columns (22) of lithium metal with proximal ends (24) adjacent to the surface of the current collector (14,16) and distal ends (26) extending away from the current collector (12).

The application provides a Ru / La-NiCoP / BM catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of hydrogen production by water electrolysis. The preparation method can efficiently and stably prepare the Ru / La-NiCoP / BM catalyst through a preparation process of 'hydrothermal treatment + electrodeposition treatment + low-temperature phosphating treatment'. The price of raw materials used for preparation is much lower than that of a Pt-based noble metal catalyst, the preparation cost is relatively low, large-scale production is easy, and great innovation is brought to hydrogen production by water electrolysis, large-scale energy conversion and storage by using renewable energy. The catalyst has a 3D interconnected nanosheet structure, ensures uniform distribution of Ru therein, effectively improves the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of the Ru / La-NiCoP / BM catalyst, and can accelerate electron transmission and reaction kinetics in the catalytic process, and has excellent HER catalytic activity and stability.

This invention discloses a MOF-derived C@Cu supported high specific surface area Pd-Cu hydrogen evolution catalyst. The MOF-derived C@Cu supported high specific surface area Pd-Cu hydrogen evolution catalyst is composed of Cu and Cu₂O supports, Pd particles, and high specific surface area Pd-Cu flowers. In the C@Cu-Pd catalyst, C@Cu not only serves as a support to disperse Pd particles and prevent aggregation, but the Cu in the support can also interact with Pd to form high specific surface area Pd-Cu flowers. This results in a more uniform dispersion of Cu within the support, constrained by the original framework structure. Furthermore, the growth of high specific surface area Pd-Cu flower structures on the Cu support surface via a simple chemical reduction method increases the specific surface area of ​​the material, thereby increasing the effective active surface area of ​​the catalyst and improving its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.

Despite the existence and deployment of a range of antimicrobial / disinfectant / sterilization technologies and products, transmission of infectious diseases remains a significant problem worldwide, continuing to cause hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths every year of both human beings and animals. State-of-the-art technologies suffer from several disadvantages including being discrete in space and time, being overly dependent on human skill and discipline, and in some cases having harmful side-effects to human health. This invention proposes a series of industrial grade antimicrobial product designs, and materials and methods to make them highly effective products that offer continuous antimicrobial action, with minimum dependence on human discipline and skill once deployed, and with no harmful side-effects. Methods may include either or both first and second materials be formed by vapor or solution-based coating schemes and many may be antimicrobial in nature. Nanopores and / or nanotubes engender an ultra-high anti-microbially active surface area.

The invention discloses a Zn-La diatomic carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electro-catalytic materials. According to the catalyst, a zinc-based zeolite imidazate framework material serves as a precursor, a Zn / NC intermediate is prepared through salt template assisted high-temperature carbonization, lanthanum is introduced through an impregnation-annealing process, and the Zn-La double-atom anchored nitrogen-doped carbon-based catalyst ZnLa / NC is constructed. The reaction initial potential is reduced, the charge transfer resistance is reduced, the electrochemical active surface area is enlarged, the preparation method is simple and controllable, the raw materials are easy to obtain, the prepared catalyst is excellent in stability, an ideal material is provided for preparing CO through efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction, and wide industrial application prospects are achieved.

The present invention relates to a super-anaerobic dual-function water electrolysis electrode based on a non-noble metal-non-metal mixed catalyst and a manufacturing method therefor. According to the present invention, by reducing the size of gas bubbles, which are generated during a water electrolysis reaction, to be easily separated from the electrode surface and at the same time, to maximize the active surface area of a catalyst, a super-anaerobic water electrolysis electrode having excellent performance can be provided.

The invention provides a fuel cell circulation cold start damage macro-micro correlation defining method and system, and belongs to the technical field of fuel cell performance detection.The method comprises the following steps that firstly, the system is initialized, and original samples of a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer are obtained; calibrating the initial water content of the battery through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; carrying out freeze-thaw cycle accelerated stress tests for not less than 3 times; performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry test in the middle and later periods of the cycle, and calculating the electrochemical activity surface area to quantify the catalytic activity attenuation; disassembling the battery after the test, and quantifying a microcosmic damage index; and finally, establishing a quantitative correlation model of the macroscopic performance and the microscopic damage, dividing the damage into a slight type, a moderate type and a serious type according to a threshold value, and outputting a defining result. According to the method, macro-micro accurate association, quantitative evaluation and grading of the circulating cold start damage of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell are realized, and the method has the outstanding advantages of clear mechanism, standard process, high engineering practicability and the like.

The application belongs to the field of electrocatalysts, and particularly relates to a Mo-Co-S-V2O5 / NF composite electrocatalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The Mo-Co-S-V2O5 / NF composite electrocatalyst is obtained by loading Mo-Co-S doped with different contents of V2O5 adjuvants on foam nickel through a two-step hydrothermal method. The content of the V2O5 adjuvant is optimized to obtain the electrocatalyst with excellent oxygen evolution performance, and the electrochemical active surface area is increased, so that the electrocatalyst has high activity and good stability in the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline solution. The catalyst has the advantages of low cost, simple synthesis operation, greenness and no pollution.

The invention provides an iron-cobalt-nickel-based high-entropy alloy nano array anode and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of nano functional film materials. According to the preparation method, a ZnO array is firstly constructed through electrochemical deposition to serve as a template, then high-entropy alloy is subjected to magnetron sputtering in gaps of the ZnO array, and finally the ZnO template is dissolved, so that the electrochemical active surface area of the electrode material is greatly increased, more active sites are provided for electrochemical reaction, and the electrochemical performance of the electrode material is improved. Meanwhile, the synergistic effect between the high-entropy alloy elements and the unique local electronic structure generate a synergistic catalytic effect, so that the catalytic activity of the electrode is improved; according to the method, deposition particles and a substrate form a firmly combined film with high energy through magnetron sputtering, the high-entropy alloy film is directly deposited in ZnO array gaps on the substrate, then ZnO is dissolved, the high-entropy alloy film serves as a supporting structure to be reserved on the substrate, and the mechanical interlocking and bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy film and the substrate is enhanced through the framework type structure.

This invention belongs to the field of environmental engineering technology, and provides a method for preparing a phosphorus-doped, high-curvature-controlled porous titanium suboxide electrode and its application in electrochemically enhancing the deep reduction of resistance genes in pharmaceutical wastewater. A high-curvature-tipped nanotube structure is prepared by electrochemical etching with NH4F. The increased electrochemically active surface area and the tip-enhanced electric field effect synergistically promote charge enrichment and electron accumulation, significantly improving the average current density of the system. P doping further optimizes the surface curvature of titanium suboxide, and lattice expansion is induced by controlling lattice tensile strain, reducing Ti orbital overlap to narrow the d-band and shift its energy level upward. The Ti content in the doped material... 3+ The ratio and oxygen vacancies increased significantly, enhancing the · The ability to generate OH, and increased 1 By leveraging the O2 generation rate and the characteristics of both free radicals, this invention achieves highly efficient and low-consumption electrocatalytic degradation of resistance genes and antibiotics in pharmaceutical wastewater. The electrode preparation process of this invention is simple, and the raw materials are inexpensive and readily available, making it suitable for large-scale production.

The invention relates to the technical field of industrial catalysis, and discloses a NiCuM / C ammoxidation catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that Ni salt, Cu salt and M metal salt are dissolved in ethyl alcohol, and a mixed solution A is obtained; dissolving oxalic acid in ethanol, adding carbon black, and uniformly stirring and dispersing to obtain a mixed solution B; and slowly dropwise adding the mixed solution A into the mixed solution B, stirring and reacting to obtain a solid product, filtering, washing, drying, and carrying out heat treatment in an inert atmosphere to obtain the NiCuM / C ammoxidation catalyst. According to the preparation method, an oxalic acid coprecipitation method taking ethanol as a solvent is adopted, metal components are directly deposited and loaded on a carbon carrier, a pH adjusting process and a subsequent carbon doping process for preparing slurry are omitted, and the preparation process flow is simple; all the components of the obtained catalyst have a synergistic effect, the electrochemical active surface area is large, and the catalyst shows relatively high current density and good stability in ammoxidation reaction at room temperature.

The utility model relates to the technical field of hydrogen preparation, in particular to a hydrogen energy generating device which comprises a tank body and a placing mechanism, a tank cover is arranged on the tank body; the placement mechanism comprises two storage frames which are distributed in the tank body up and down and provided with a plurality of air holes in the surfaces, a crushing and pressing plate arranged above the storage frames, a threaded column coaxially arranged on the crushing and pressing plate, a threaded cylinder arranged on the storage frames and a grip arranged on the threaded column, and the threaded column penetrates through the storage frames and is in threaded connection with the threaded cylinder; and a plurality of bumps with tips are arranged on the crushing and pressing plate. According to the utility model, a catalyst and coke can be dispersed, the active surface area is increased, the provided reaction sites are increased, and the hydrogen generation rate is further improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of multi-pollutant cooperative control, and discloses a flue gas purification device for removing denitration tail gas ammonia escape, the flue gas purification device comprises a dry process tower, a catalysis chamber, an ash bin and an ammonia area, composite filter pipes are distributed in the catalysis chamber in an array mode, and each composite filter pipe comprises a ceramic inner pipe and a ceramic outer pipe which are coaxially arranged; the ceramic outer pipe is coated with a breathable filter layer sleeve, the aperture of the ceramic inner pipe is smaller than that of the ceramic outer pipe, and a first catalyst layer is arranged on the inner wall of the ceramic inner pipe; an assembling shaft assembly is installed in the ceramic inner pipe in a sliding mode and comprises a center shaft and a second catalyst layer arranged on the outer wall of the center shaft in a sleeving mode. The annular double-layer reaction zone is formed by the ceramic inner wall catalyst layer I and the central shaft catalyst layer II, so that a longer contact path and a larger active surface area are obtained when flue gas passes through the composite filter tube, the NH3 slip treatment capacity is improved, the synergistic reaction of double catalytic zones is realized, and the NH3 conversion efficiency is improved.

Despite the existence and deployment of a range of antimicrobial / disinfectant / sterilization technologies and products, transmission of infectious diseases remains a significant problem worldwide, continuing to cause hundreds of millions of infections and millions of deaths every year of both human beings and animals. State-of-the-art technologies suffer from several disadvantages including being discrete in space and time, being overly dependent on human skill and discipline, and in some cases having harmful side-effects to human health. This invention proposes a series of industrial grade antimicrobial product designs, and materials and methods to make them highly effective products that offer continuous antimicrobial action, with minimum dependence on human discipline and skill once deployed, and with no harmful side-effects. Methods may include either or both first and second materials be formed by vapor or solution-based coating schemes and many may be antimicrobial in nature. Nanopores and / or nanotubes engender an ultra-high anti-microbially active surface area.

The invention provides an oxygen evolution self-supporting electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. The oxygen evolution self-supporting electrode material comprises a foamed nickel (NF) substrate and a carbon-coated iron-doped nickel phosphide cobalt active layer (C (at) NiCoP-Fe) grown on the surface of the foamed nickel substrate in situ, the active layer is formed by phosphating a metal organic framework derivative and contains carbon, iron, nickel, cobalt and phosphorus elements. The carbon-coated iron-doped nickel cobalt phosphide self-supporting electrode (C (at) NiCoP-Fe / NF) is successfully synthesized through a metal organic framework (MOF) precursor template method, and the technical bottlenecks that active sites of traditional transition metal phosphide are not fully exposed, the intrinsic activity is low, agglomeration is prone to occurring in the reaction process and the like are effectively overcome. And the finally prepared electrode material has the characteristics of high active surface area, excellent catalytic activity and long-term stability, rapid electron transmission capability and uniform structure, and has a wide application prospect.