422 results about "Clostridiales" patented technology

The invention discloses a probiotic-polyphenol nanoparticle colon-targeted co-delivery system as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of biological medicines. The FCPs and hyaluronic acid (HA) are combined through non-covalent interaction, so that the hydrogel has colon targeting property and mucosal adhesion at the same time, and delivery of probiotics is facilitated. The hydrogel (HF) based on polysaccharide has good biocompatibility, and can be used for effectively encapsulating the probiotics and the natural products. Then, the PDA-TH NPs and BA are incorporated into the polysaccharide chain network of HF, and finally the BA-HF-PDAT targeted co-delivery system is constructed. The BA (at) HF-PDAT targeted co-delivery system can protect BA from serious gastrointestinal stress, and is jointly assembled with PDT-TH NPs to realize dual slow release of thymol (Thy), so that the treatment effect of BA and Thy is improved, and the BA (at) HF-PDAT targeted co-delivery system contributes to treatment of clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

The invention discloses an efficient denitrification method and system for landfill leachate, and the method comprises the following steps: diluting waste molasses, and then adding a compound enzyme preparation containing cellulase, pectinase and alpha-amylase for enzymolysis pretreatment to obtain a pretreatment solution; inoculating the pretreatment liquid with a compound flora containing clostridium butyricum and succinic acid-producing anaerobic spirillum, carrying out anaerobic fermentation, and separating to obtain a liquid carbon source containing acetic acid and propionic acid and fermentation residues; mixing the fermentation residues with waste sugar residues, and performing pyrolysis to prepare biochar; and synchronously adding the liquid carbon source and the biochar into a denitrification reactor, and carrying out denitrification on the landfill leachate. The total nitrogen removal load of the landfill leachate denitrification system is increased by 60% compared with that of a single carbon source process, and the sugar manufacturing solid waste recycling rate gt is achieved; 95%. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the dual goals of efficient denitrification and solid waste recycling are achieved through cooperative treatment of the waste molasses and the waste sugar residues in the sugar manufacturing process.

The invention discloses a fermentation medium for regulating and controlling a clostridium aerovorans target product and a fermentation method of the clostridium aerovorans target product. The medium comprises a basic component and a regulating component, the basic components comprise ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride, monopotassium phosphate, yeast powder, calcium chloride dihydrate, sodium selenite, nickel chloride hexahydrate, biotin, folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, D-calcium pantothenate, cobalamin, para aminobenzoic acid and lipoic acid; the adjusting component comprises sodium tungstate, ferrous sulfate and sodium molybdate, sodium tungstate and ferrous sulfate have a forward adjusting effect on increasing the yield of acetic acid, ethanol and butanol in the target product, and sodium molybdate has a reverse adjusting effect on the target product. By optimizing the proportion of trace elements in the culture medium, the clostridium metabolism efficiency is improved, synthesis of a target product is regulated and controlled, and the method is particularly suitable for industrial production of acetic acid, ethanol, butanol and the like.

The invention discloses a clostridium corpse strain and application thereof. The preservation number of the clostridium cadaveris J038 strain of the clostridium cadaveris J038 strain is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) NO. 35440, and the clostridium cadaveris J038 strain of the clostridium The clostridium corpse J038 strain is separated from pig manure for the first time, and 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid is produced by metabolism of the clostridium corpse J038 strain. In addition, the invention further provides application of the clostridium corpse in preparation of 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, and when the clostridium corpse is adopted to prepare 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, the clostridium corpse has the advantages of being small in environmental pollution, high in sustainability, precise, green, efficient and the like; the yield is high, and the increasing requirements of the fields of medicine, food, agriculture and the like on the 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid can be met.

The invention provides a microecological preparation with an immunological enhancement function and application of the microecological preparation in antibiotic-free breeding of livestock and poultry, and relates to the technical field of agricultural biology. The microecological preparation with the immunological enhancement function comprises a probiotic component, a prebiotics component and an immunological enhancement component, and the probiotic component, the prebiotics component and the immunological enhancement component are respectively composed of lactic acid bacteria, bacillus, clostridium butyricum, fructo-oligosaccharide, yeast beta-glucan, astragalus polysaccharide and chitosan oligosaccharide. Wherein the lactic acid bacteria accounts for 30%-40%, the bacillus accounts for 20%-30%, the clostridium butyricum accounts for 10%-20%, the fructo-oligosaccharide accounts for 5%-10%, the yeast beta-glucan accounts for 3%-8%, the astragalus polysaccharide accounts for 2%-5%, and the chitosan The probiotics can enhance immunity and regulate intestinal tracts at the same time, the effect is improved by 40% or above compared with common probiotics, animals suffer less illness and grow fast, flora can resist high temperature and gastric acid through a special protection technology, the loss of viable bacteria is less than 5% after the probiotics are stored for 3 months, and the probiotics are stable by two times compared with conventional products.

The invention discloses an application of some functional genes in improving the performance of clostridium for synthesizing ethanol by utilizing one-carbon gas fermentation, wherein overexpression genes NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) are CLJUc04490, CLJUc25060, CLJUc06990, CLJUc22650 and / or CLJUc07720, and expression of inhibition genes CLJUc09160 and / or CLJUc23840 can be used for improving the autotrophic growth capability and the ethanol synthesis yield of clostridium Yangdall when the clostridium Yangdall is fermented by utilizing C1 gas; therefore, the economical efficiency of the clostridium yangdall fermentation is improved.

The invention discloses clostridium butyricum as well as a culture method and application thereof, belongs to the field of feed additives, and aims to solve the problems that a controllable fattening period is shortened and the efficacy of the clostridium butyricum cannot be completely exerted due to the fact that a wide range of clostridium butyricum needs a relatively long adaptation period for an endogenous intestinal environment of an animal. The clostridium butyricum from the North Naa Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Is cultured by simulating an animal endogenous environment in vitro, and after the clostridium butyricum which completely adapts to animal endogenous is obtained, the screened animal endogenous clostridium butyricum is coated by adopting a coating technology, so that the clostridium butyricum is not damaged by a strong acid environment in an animal stomach bag; the clostridium butyricum strain has the advantages that the clostridium butyricum strain can be used for preparing animal endogenous clostridium butyricum, a large quantity of animal endogenous clostridium butyricum can reach intestinal tracts and be released, and the animal endogenous clostridium butyricum can quickly adapt to animal intestinal environment due to higher adaptability of the strains, and can quickly form efficient colonization and functional expression under the condition of almost no adaptation period. The feed additive can be used as a biological feed additive.

The invention discloses a method for promoting acid production and alcohol production through fermentation of clostridium perdali C1 gas by using a biological source carbon-based redox regulation and control medium. The preparation method comprises the following steps: obtaining biochar by adopting a high-temperature pyrolysis method, grinding and sieving to obtain a biogenic carbon-based redox regulation medium, adding the biogenic carbon-based redox regulation medium into a fermentation culture medium, inoculating clostridium perdali into a fermentation device filled with the fermentation culture medium, controlling the volume ratio of H2 to CO2 in the fermentation device to be (1.5: 1)-(2.5: 1), and carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days to obtain the biogenic carbon-based redox regulation medium. According to the invention, a biological source carbon-based redox regulation medium is introduced into a clostridium perdali gas fermentation system, and the medium not only can enrich CO2 gas, but also can improve the mass transfer efficiency of a gaseous substrate; the method has the advantages that the method is simple and convenient to operate, extra reducing power is provided for a fermentation system, electron transfer is mediated, the CO2 utilization rate of the strain and the fermentation product generation rate are remarkably increased, secondary resource utilization of solid waste biomass is achieved, C1 gas is effectively converted into high-value chemicals, and a green, economical and sustainable development road is provided for conversion of CO2.

The invention relates to the technical field of microorganisms, and provides Witzia ciliaris KY009 (preservation number is CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) NO. 33480) and Clostridium butyricum KY002 (preservation number is CGMCC NO. 33478), and the two strains are separated from an excrement sample. Experiments prove that the two strains can obviously improve the sperm quality and quantity, regulate the sex hormone level, improve the intestinal inflammation symptom and regulate the expression of related inflammatory factors. The invention also provides a composition containing the two strains, wherein the composition comprises a food composition, a pharmaceutical composition, a health-care product composition, a functional microbial agent and the like. The compositions are useful for improving reproductive health, modulating sex hormone levels, treating intestinal inflammation and promoting mucosal repair, and alleviating metabolic and immune related diseases. The strain and the composition provided by the invention have wide application prospects in the fields of medicines, foods and health-care products.

The invention discloses a method and a system for producing high-purity medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) based on waste molasses two-stage regulation fermentation. Comprising the following steps: (1) diluting waste molasses, then adding a compound enzyme agent of pectinase, beta-glucanase and cellulase, and coupling microwave to assist treatment; (2) inoculating the pretreated waste molasses with a composite flora containing a clostridium kluyveri mutant strain and a Megasphaera elsdeni engineering bacterium, and carrying out a fermentation treatment on the waste molasses, wherein the composite flora contains the clostridium kluyveri mutant strain and the Megasphaera elsdeni engineering bacterium; (3) sequentially performing two-stage dynamic regulation and control fermentation on the waste molasses inoculated with the composite flora through a pH-stat control strategy to realize efficient conversion from butyric acid to hexanoic acid / octanoic acid; and (4) a hydrophobic hollow fiber membrane module is adopted to realize on-line removal of the product, and the inhibition effect of the product is relieved. According to the technology, the yield of the MCFA produced from the waste molasses reaches 0.45 g / g COD, the cost is reduced by 68% compared with that of a traditional substrate, and a new way is provided for recycling of sugar manufacturing waste.

The invention provides a microbial agent for producing acid through fermentation of organic waste and application of the microbial agent, and relates to the technical field of biology, the microbial agent contains Acetobacter xylinum, Clostridium bovifaecis and Eubacter mucilaginosus, and the microbial agent is prepared from the following raw materials: Acetobacter xylinum, Clostridium bovifaecis and Eubacter mucilaginosus. Studies find that acetobacter burgii, clostridium cow dung and eubacterium mucilaginosus complement each other in the anaerobic fermentation process, the degradation efficiency of organic matters such as carbohydrates and proteins in the organic wastewater / perishable garbage is improved, the yield of volatile fatty acids is remarkably increased, meanwhile, the emission of CO2 is reduced, and the environmental pollution is reduced. The method has the application prospects of organic wastewater / perishable garbage treatment and recycling. When the acid-producing bacterium agent is applied to organic wastewater / perishable garbage, the fermented mixed acid liquid is rich in VFA and can be used as an organic carbon source, and the additional value is higher; when the acid-producing bacterium agent is applied to organic wastewater / perishable garbage, the operation is simple and convenient, the cost is low, biogas slurry treatment links and cost are reduced, the added value of products can be improved, and the acid-producing bacterium agent has an engineering application prospect.

The present invention belongs to the field of biotechnology, and specifically relates to the use of the CD630_27900 gene in reducing the tolerance of Clostridium difficile. Knocking out the CD630_27900 gene can reduce the tolerance of Clostridium difficile to acidic environments and antibiotics and reduce its cytotoxicity; the sequence of the CD630_27900 gene is shown in SEQ ID NO.1; the antibiotics include ampicillin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, vancomycin, norfloxacin, cefoxitin, clindamycin and kanamycin. The research results of the present invention suggest that the CD630_27900 gene can be used as a target for inhibiting the drug resistance and reducing the toxicity of Clostridium difficile, providing a new idea for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI).

The invention provides a probiotic mixed fermentation method for enhancing a synergistic effect. Lactobacillus plantarum, bifidobacterium longum and clostridium tyrobutyricum are inoculated according to a volume ratio, and a pH-triggered two-stage fermentation process is adopted: the first stage is micro-aerobic to drive lactic acid bacteria to quickly produce acid, and the second stage is anaerobic to directionally improve butyric acid synthesis by pulse feeding of inulin-cysteine sustained-release particles. Physical isolation of flora is realized by using a double-layer gradient carrier, lactic acid bacteria are immobilized by sodium alginate-gelatin gel on the outer layer to form an acid barrier, and bifidobacterium and butyric acid producing bacteria are co-immobilized by chitosan microspheres on the inner layer to construct an anaerobic microenvironment. The technology breaks through the competitive inhibition bottleneck of multi-strain fermentation, the total number of viable bacteria is increased by 150% compared with a traditional technology, the yield of butyric acid is increased by 355%, and the technology is suitable for large-scale production of functional food and pharmaceutical preparations.

The invention provides application of an Alzheimer's disease intestinal flora biomarker combination in preparation of a product for detecting AD (Alzheimer's disease). The marker combination comprises ackermania muciniphila, helicobacter hispiduli, dunaliella, pantoea, other fungus, lactobacillus, clostridium erysipelas, helicobacter, enterobacter, laryngobacter, clostridium and undefined genus of clostridium erysipelas, and is characterized in that the marker combination comprises ackermania muciniphila, helicobacter hispiduli, dunaliella, pantoea, other fungus, lactobacillus, enterobacter, laryngobacter, clostridium and undefined genus of clostridium erysipelas. And the composition is any one or a combination of at least two of bacillus pumilus and odorobacter. According to the present invention, the abundance level of the intestinal flora biomarker combination is adopted as the detection index, and the kit is used for the early auxiliary diagnosis of the Alzheimer's disease, has characteristics of high detection precision, convenience, rapidness, safety and non-invasive property, and provides important clinical guiding significance for the auxiliary diagnosis of AD-related indexes.

The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture feed additives, and particularly relates to a compound preparation with a synergistic effect of an exocarpium citri grandis extract and probiotics and a preparation method of the compound preparation, and the compound preparation is used for preventing and treating enterohepatic cytozoonosis of penaeus vannamei. Comprising an exocarpium citri grandis extract preparation step, a bacillus subtilis and clostridium butyricum culture step and a compound exocarpium citri grandis feed additive preparation step. 0.1%-0.5% of the compound exocarpium citri rubrum feed additive is added into shrimp feed, and penaeus vannamei is fed; compared with a direct feeding feed, the compound exocarpium citri rubrum feed additive has the advantages that the morbidity of the enterocytozoonosis hepatopenaei of the shrimps is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the occurrence of other diseases is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of probiotic preparations, in particular to a process for preparing intestinal conditioning prebiotics from clostridium butyricum and radix astragali seu hedysari, which comprises the following steps: (1) multi-stage synergistic activation of clostridium butyricum; (2) carrying out composite enzymolysis on the astragalus extract; (3) symbiotic fermentation; (4) performing multi-layer embedding; the prepared prebiotics have a multi-dimensional intestine regulating mechanism, the bacteriostasis and mucous membrane repairing functions of the clostridium butyricum cooperate with the prebiotics effect and antioxidant activity of the astragalus polysaccharide to form a multi-protection system, and the intestinal flora imbalance is more effectively improved compared with single probiotics or prebiotics. The multi-layer embedding technology solves the problems of gastric acid inactivation and difficulty in intestinal colonization of probiotics, and spore induction of three-stage fermentation is matched, so that the viable count maintenance rate of the product is kept at a relatively high level after the product is stored for 6 months at normal temperature, and the shelf life is remarkably prolonged.

The invention discloses a culture medium for A type clostridium perfringens and C type clostridium perfringens, a fermentation culture method and application of fermentation toxin production. Wherein the culture medium comprises the following components: tryptone, # imgabs0 # peptone, casein peptone, a yeast extract, lactoalbumin hydrolysate, trihydroxymethyl aminomethane, sodium acetate and glucose. According to the present invention, through the specific formula composition, the A-type clostridium perfringens and the C-type clostridium perfringens can adapt to fermentation in the fermentation tank, and in the fermentation culture process, the toxin production ability of the A-type clostridium perfringens and the C-type clostridium perfringens can be significantly improved by controlling the stirring speed, the pH value of the fermentation liquid and the precise material supplementing manner. And the supernate obtained by fermentation is used as a raw material for preparing the vaccine, so that animals can generate high-level neutralizing antibodies aiming at the clostridium perfringens A and C type toxins after being immunized with the vaccine, the death of the animals caused by infection of the clostridium perfringens A and C type toxins is avoided, and the method has practical popularization and application values.

The invention provides a mutant derived from Clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase and an application of the mutant in preparation of L-glufosinate-ammonium. The glutamate dehydrogenase mutant is a glutamate dehydrogenase single site mutant, a double site mutant or a multi-site mutant. The L-glufosinate-ammonium can be used for preparing L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium from L-glufosinate-ammonium. The invention effectively solves the problem that glutamate dehydrogenase shows inactivity or low activity in biological catalytic conversion taking 2-carbonyl-4-(hydroxymethylphosphonyl) butyric acid as a substrate, and provides a chemical method for continuously synthesizing the substrate 2-carbonyl-4-(hydroxymethylphosphonyl) butyric acid by a whole-process microchannel reactor.

The invention discloses saccharomyces boulardii, a culture and a preparation method and application of the saccharomyces boulardii. The preservation number of the strain is CCTCC (China Center for Type Culture Collection) NO: M 20252633. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing saccharified liquid by taking white spirit vinasse or brewer's grains as a main raw material and adopting a high-temperature alkali treatment and composite enzymolysis process, inoculating strains for liquid-state high-density fermentation, carrying out solid-liquid separation on fermentation liquor, taking a liquid phase, and carrying out spray drying. According to the method, high-value utilization of the waste vinasse is realized, and the production cost is remarkably reduced. The obtained culture is rich in viable bacteria and active small peptides, and has the characteristics of strong tolerance, wide antibacterial spectrum and the like. As a feed additive, the feed additive can effectively reduce the diarrhea rate of piglets, inhibit clostridium perfringens and prawn vibrios of broilers, and improve the oxidation resistance and production performance of animals.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and particularly relates to a hybridoma cell strain capable of secreting a clostridium perfringens ETX monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity and application of the hybridoma cell strain. On the basis of natural toxin, an indirect ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) detection method is established by utilizing a non-toxic ETX single amino acid site protein mutant, and a series of hybridoma cell strains secreting an anti-clostridium perfringens ETX monoclonal antibody are screened; the hybridoma cell strain can stably and efficiently secrete a monoclonal antibody with neutralizing activity and a monoclonal antibody without neutralizing resistance respectively, and large-scale batch production can be realized. According to the present invention, the clostridium perfringens ETX monoclonal antibody is firstly utilized to establish the ETX antigen ELISA detection method, and the method has characteristics of simple sample operation, low cost, rapid reaction, strong specificity and the like, can provide the reference for the diagnosis of clostridium perfringens, and provides the basis for the research of the related vaccine potency test substitution method.

Provided is a growth inhibitor for Clostridioides difficile. A growth inhibitor for Clostridioides difficile, comprising killed Enterococcus faecalis. Also provided are a parenteral pharmaceutical preparation, a bactericide, a disinfectant, an antibacterial agent, a sanitizer or a detergent for inhibiting the growth of Clostridioides difficile.

The invention relates to a special microbial agent fertilizer for konjak, and aims to break through the industrial bottlenecks of high incidence of soft rot, damage caused by waterlogging stress and glucomannan synthesis obstacles in konjak cultivation. According to the core technical scheme, the activity of soft rot fungus pectinase is inhibited in a targeted mode through clostridium butyricum, and efficient polymerization of gulcomannan molecular chains is driven in cooperation with a hydroxyproline precursor provided by fish meal; a sulfonic acid group of biochemical potassium fulvate is used for blocking waterlogging free radical poison, and a brown sugar-trehalose carbon source ratio is optimized to stabilize cell osmotic pressure in an expansion period; and a supplementary application mechanism based on a precipitation threshold (greater than or equal to 10mm) and a copper preparation application isolation regulation are established in a matched manner. According to the technology, the three-effect synergy that the soft rot prevention and control rate is larger than 90%, the glucomannan viscosity improvement rate is larger than 70% and the waterlogging survival rate is larger than 85% is achieved, and the core restriction of high-yield and high-quality production of the konjak is systematically solved.

The application belongs to the technical field of biology and relates to a Clostridium butyricum engineering strain for improving butyric acid synthesis through a coenzyme A transferase pathway as well as a construction method and application of the Clostridium butyricum engineering strain. Clostridium tyrobutyricum The application expresses a butyryl coenzyme A:acetic acid-coenzyme A transferase gene from Clostridium tyrobutyricum Ctcat1 A coenzyme A transferase (CoAT) pathway is constructed, the pathway synthesizes butyric acid by taking acetic acid as a substrate, therefore, the content of acetic acid in a fermentation product is greatly reduced, and the butyric acid yield is significantly improved.

Compounds to treat various infections, including infections caused by Clostridioides difficile, particularly the compounds α-methylene and α-aminomethyl lactones, lactams, iminolactones, and iminolactams, thiolactones, thionolactones, thiolactams, and thionolactams; pharmaceutical compositions; and methods for treating those infections.

This invention relates to a method for detecting the activity of a toxin produced by bacteria of the families Peptostreptococcaceae or Clostridiaceae using mass spectrometry, which comprises the following steps: a) providing a planar surface suitable for mass spectrometry measurement, with attached affinity molecules; b) incubating the planar surface from step a) with the substrate of the toxin to be detected, to bind the substrate to the affinity molecules; c) subsequently incubating the planar surface from step b) with a sample in which the active toxin is to be detected, in the presence of a modification compound, and incubating it for a time sufficient for the substrate to react with the modification compound in the presence of the active toxin, if present in the sample, to form a modified substrate if the active toxin is present in the sample; d) removing the remnants of the sample; e) subjecting the (modified) substrate on the planar surface to matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization, ionizing it and subsequently measuring the mass spectrum of the (modified) substrate; f) analyzing the measured mass spectrum, such that if the measured mass spectrum corresponds to the non-modified substrate, the active toxin is not present, and if the measured mass spectrum corresponds to the modified substrate or a mixture of the modified and non-modified substrate, then the active toxin is present in the sample. The invention further relates to a device for the soft landing of affinity molecule ions onto a planar surface suitable for mass spectrometry for carrying out step a) of the above method.

The invention discloses a micropterus salmoides intestinal function feed additive based on composite synergy and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The feed additive for improving the intestinal function of the largemouth bass comprises the following raw materials: clostridium butyricum, tributyrin, aspergillus niger and a plant source carrier. The invention provides a compound feed additive capable of remarkably improving the growth performance of the largemouth bass, improving the digestive enzyme activity of the intestinal tract and optimizing the intestinal barrier, and the compound feed additive can remarkably improve the weight gain rate and the specific growth rate of the largemouth bass, remarkably improve the digestive enzyme activity of the intestinal tract of the largemouth bass and maintain the integrity of the tissue structure of the intestinal tract. Compared with a single additive, the compound additive shows a better synergistic gain effect in the aspect of comprehensive effects, has important value for promoting research, development and practical application of novel feed additives of micropterus salmoides, has good popularization and application prospects, and is expected to bring remarkable economic benefits to the breeding industry.

The invention belongs to the technical field of microorganisms, and discloses a heat-resistant and acid-base-resistant clostridium perfringens bacteriophage XHX-CP-18P and application thereof, the bacteriophage is preserved in the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) on March 17, 2025, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 2025492. The invention also provides a bactericide product prepared from the bacteriophage. The bacteriophage has good acid and alkali resistance under the condition that the pH is 3-13, has heat resistance under the condition that the temperature is 30-60 DEG C, and ensures that the activity of the bacteriophage is not lost. The bacteriophage has a good lysis effect on clostridium perfringens, is strong in infection ability, can infect more host cells with a very small amount of viruses, can effectively lyse A-type and G-type hosts, and can replace antibiotics to resist corrosion of gastric acid, so that intestinal diseases of the hosts are effectively treated.

The present invention is directed to cell-free methods, such as those for determining the clostridial neurotoxin activity of a composition, determining whether or not a composition comprises clostridial neurotoxin polypeptides, and / or determining whether or not clostridial neurotoxin polypeptides or portions thereof comprised in a composition comprise an activity-altering property. The invention is also directed to an isolated capture substrate for a clostridial neurotoxin, use of the same, therapeutic or cosmetic clostridial neurotoxin compositions, and methods for producing the same.

The present invention provides a prophylactic or therapeutic composition for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). There is provided a prophylactic or therapeutic composition for GVHD, which comprises bacteria belonging to any genus selected from the group consisting of the following genera: Blautia, Clostridium, unclassified Clostridiales, Actinomyces, Parabacteroides, Lachnoclostridium, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, unclassified Firmicutes, Dorea, Phascolarctobacterium, Sutterella, Megamonas, Collinsella, Eubacterium, and Coprococcus, etc., or any combination of bacteria belonging to these genera.