The present invention discloses a pumpkin residue feed for promoting shrimp protein synthesis, and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight, 260-280 parts of pumpkin residue, 2-3 parts of zanthoxylum bungeanum shell, 7-9 parts of dried squid, 15-17 parts of flax cake, 8-10 parts of grape seed residue, 3-4 parts of chicken bone oil, 3-4 parts of abelmoschus esculentus, 1-2 parts of mulberry, 2-3 parts of scutellaria baicalensis leaf, 17-18 parts of sorghum flour, 12-15 parts of sesame residue, 4-7 parts of lotus root starch, 0.3-0.5 part of baker's yeast, 4-6 parts of egg yolk powder, 3-5 parts of yeast extract, 1-2 parts of angelica seed oil, 1-2 parts of high fructose syrup, 2-3 parts of amygdalus persica powder, and 2-3 parts of strawberry jam. According to the present invention, the pumpkin residue feed has characteristics of aroma, feeding attraction, good palatability, shrimp protein synthesis promoting, nutrition absorption and digestion enhancing, shrimp growth and weight gain promoting, feed digestibility improving, material consumption reducing, and feed cost reducing.