The invention discloses preparation and activity detection methods of fucoidan components in hizikia fusiformis. According to the key points of the technical scheme, the preparation method comprises the steps that the hizikia fusiformis is washed, dried and crushed, then ethanol is added, reflux degreasing and stirring filtration are conducted, degreased algae powder is extracted repeatedly for three times through a calcium chloride solution, and filtrate is merged to obtain a fucoidan extracting solution; the extracting solution is subjected to depressurizing distillation and concentrated toone fifth of the original volume; anhydrous ethanol is added into a concentrated solution, still standing for the night is conducted, and after centrifugal treatment and cleaning through the anhydrousethanol, vacuum drying is conducted to obtain hizikia fusiformis fucoidan; the hizikia fusiformis fucoidan is dissolved in distilled water, separated through DEAE-cellulose ion exchange column chromatography, eluted with the distilled water and then eluted with 0.1 M of NaCl, 0.3 M of NaCl, 0.5 M of NaCl and 1 M of NaCl, an obtained product is purified through Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography and eluted with NaCl, eluant is analyzed through a phenol-sulfuric acid method, and suitable fractions are collected for preparation. The preparation method has the advantage that preparation of hizikia fusiformis fucoidan components is easy and convenient to operate.