The invention provides a spectrum reconstruction method based on a weighted measurement matrix, comprising the following steps: S1, acquiring the spectrum values of a training sample and a test sample; S2, acquiring the camera response values of the training sample and the test sample; S3, reconstructing the spectrum value of the test sample using a pseudo-inverse method, a wiener estimation method and a principal component analysis method respectively, and getting corresponding measurement matrixes; S4, calculating the chromatic aberration between each of the spectrum values obtained through reconstruction using the pseudo-inverse method, the wiener estimation method and the principal component analysis method and the spectrum value of the test sample; S5, weighting and adding the spectrum values obtained through reconstruction using the pseudo-inverse method, the wiener estimation method and the principal component analysis method to get a new spectrum value; S6, calculating the chromatic aberration between the new spectrum value and the spectrum value of the test sample; S7, adding the weight corresponding to the minimum chromatic aberration in S6 to the corresponding measurement matrixes, and adding three values obtained together to get a measurement matrix M; and S8, using the measurement matrix to reconstruct the spectrum value.