226 results about "Molecular size" patented technology

A method for observing and determining the size of individual molecules and for determining the weight distribution of a sample containing molecules of varying size, which involves placing a deformable or nondeformable molecule in a medium, subjecting the molecule to an external force, thereby causing conformational and/or positional changes, and then measuring these changes. Preferred ways to measure conformational and positional changes include: (1) determining the rate at which a deformable molecule returns to a relaxed state after termination of the external force, (2) determining the rate at which a molecule becomes oriented in a new direction when the direction of the perturbing force is changed, (3) determining the rate at which a molecule rotates, (4) measuring the length of a molecule, particularly when it is at least partially stretched, or (5) measuring at least one diameter of a spherical or ellipsoidal molecule. Measurements of relaxation, reorientation, and rotation rates, as well as length and diameter can be made using a light microscope connected to an image processor. Molecule relaxation, reorientation and rotation also can be determined using a microscope combined with a spectroscopic device. The invention is particularly useful for measuring polymer molecules, such as nucleic acids, and can be used to determine the size and map location of restriction digests. Breakage of large polymer molecules mounted on a microscope slide is prevented by condensing the molecules before mounting and unfolding the molecules after they have been placed in a matrix.

Aluminum and aluminum-zirconium antiperspirant compositions comprising basic aluminum chlorides that have a particular molecular size distribution defined by having an SEC-HPLC Band III/II ratio of at least 0.5, having SEC-HPLC Band III plus Band II area of at least 70% of the total area and having SEC-HPLC Band I content no more than 5% and containing betaine (trimethylglycine), calcium and/or strontium are disclosed. Also disclosed are the methods of making these compositions and the use thereof in consumer acceptable antiperspirant vehicles such as aerosols, gels, roll-on, sticks and soft solids.

A method for observing and determining the size of individual molecules and for determining the weight distribution of a sample containing molecules of varying size, which involves placing a deformable or nondeformable molecule in a medium, subjecting the molecule to an external force, thereby causing conformational and/or positional changes, and then measuring these changes. Preferred ways to measure conformational and positional changes include: (1) determining the rate at which a deformable molecule returns to a relaxed state after termination of the external force, (2) determining the rate at which a molecule becomes oriented in a new direction when the direction of the perturbing force is changed, (3) determining the rate at which a molecule rotates, (4) measuring the length of a molecule, particularly when it is at least partially stretched, or (5) measuring at least one diameter of a spherical or ellipsoidal molecule. Measurements of relaxation, reorientation, and rotation rates, as well as length and diameter can be made using a light microscope connected to an image processor. Molecule relaxation, reorientation and rotation also can be determined using a microscope combined with a spectroscopic device. The invention is particularly useful for measuring polymer molecules, such as nucleic acids, and can be used to determine the size and map location of restriction digests. Breakage of large polymer molecules mounted on a microscope slide is prevented by condensing the molecules before mounting and unfolding the molecules after they have been placed in a matrix.

Super-resolution technology was proposed for generating marks smaller than the optical resolution in order to record data at high density on the optical disk. However, the achievable high density of the super-resolution technology was limited due to fluctuation of the region exhibiting the super-resolution effect due to the grain size or the molecular size comprising the super-resolution film. However fluctuation in the region exhibiting the super-resolution effect is reduced by utilizing recording marks possessing their own super-resolution effect and also by separating the recording marks from each other.

It is to provide a block copolymer that can form a microphase separation structure even with a small molecular size, and that can form a microphase separation structure with a small domain size.

It is a block copolymer represented by the formula A-C-B (wherein A represents a segment which is a homopolymer or random or block copolymer consisting of at least 1 kind or repeat units represented by formula (II);

B represents a segment which is a homopolymer, or random or block copolymer consisting of at least 1 kind of repeat units represented by formula (III);

C represents A, B or A-B; however, at least 1 segment of each

A has a water-repellent group, or at least 1 segment of each B has a polar group); which block copolymer has a mass average molecular weight of 50,000 or less, and that can form a microphase separation structure.

Nanofluidic entropic traps, comprising alternating thin and thick regions, sieve small molecules such as DNA or protein polymers and other molecules. The thick region is comparable or substantially larger than the molecule to be separated, while the thin region is substantially smaller than the size of the molecules to be separated. Due to the molecular size dependence of the entropic trapping effect, separation of molecules may be achieved. In addition, entropic traps are used to collect, trap and control many molecules in the nanofluidic channel. A fabrication method is disclosed to provide an efficient way to make nanofluidic constrictions in any fluidic devices.

The present invention relates to a method of forming a nanogap, a method of manufacturing a nano field effect transistor for a molecular device or a bio-sensor, and a fabrication thereof, and more particularly, to a method of forming a high reproductive nanogap using a thin layer with a molecular size or a size which is similar to that of a molecule and a nano field effect transistor manufactured by the method of forming the nanogap. The method of forming a nanogap according to the present invention comprises steps of (a) forming sequentially an insulating layer, a first metal layer and a hard mask on a silicon substrate; (b) etching partially the first metal layer using the mask as an etching mask; (c) forming a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a side surface of the first metal layer to form a nanogap on the silicon substrate; (d) depositing metal on the entire structure including the mask to form a second metal layer; (e) removing the metal deposited on the hard mask using a lift-off process by etching the mask formed in step (a) and (f) etching the SAM formed in step (c) to form the nanogap.

This disclosure relates to TGF-beta family protein fusions that display substantial native TGF-beta family protein function while also having an additional functionality conveyed by the addition of a functionalizing peptide domain. Such functionalizing peptide domain can be a tag peptide (e.g., an epitope tag, a purification tag, a molecular size differentiation tag, etc.) or a passenger or targeting protein. Also provided are methods of making these fusions, as well as methods of using them for diagnosis and diagnosis of various conditions, in measuring and monitoring levels of the fusion molecule in experimental systems and subjects, and in measuring and detecting receptor proteins.

The invention discloses a silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer is characterized by having a molecular structural formula (IV) as shown in the specification, wherein a and b are both greater than 0. C is greater than or equal to 0, and d is greater than 0; M1 is an organic silicon monomer structure of which the molecular structure contains a plurality of organic silicon molecules cross-linked by use of Si-O-Si bonds; M2 is one or both of -H and -Na; M3 is one or both of -H and -Na; M4 is one or both of ester monomers or ether monomers. According to the silicon-containing polycarboxylate superplasticizer, the organic silicon structure is introduced into the structure of the common polycarboxylate superplasticizer. A double-bond organic silicon monomer of a large molecular size is prepared by virtue of the hydrolysis reaction, and then the prepared organic silicon monomer is used in a polycarboxylate superplasticizer synthesis system, and therefore, the molecular size of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer is increased and then the polycarboxylate superplasticizer cannot come into the intercalation structure of soil easily, and furthermore, the effects of resisting soil and retarding consumption are achieved.

The present invention relates to a fluid conduit, and to a multi-conduit umbilical for use in the transportation of chemicals with small molecular size and shape e.g. methanol ethanol and other hydrocarbon fluids used in the oil industry. The conduit comprises a flexible fluid hose encapsulated by at least one metallized layer which is formed and arranged to minimize permeation of a fluid being transported in the fluid hose. In use in a multi-conduit umbilical the metallised layer minimizes permeation into adjacent fluid hoses containing chemicals. The invention is characterized in that the fluid hose(s) have differing levels of encapsulation and thereby permeation, along a given length according to the operational requirements of the fluid conduit/umbilical. Typically such fluid conduits/umbilicals will have lengths in excess of 100 km.

An anterior chamber receives a mixture fluid, in which a lubricant oil and a fuel are mixed. A semipermeable separation film is permeable to the fuel component in the anterior chamber and is not permeable to the lubricant oil in the anterior chamber due to a molecular size difference between the lubricant oil and the fuel, so that the semipermeable separation film selectively separates the fuel component from the mixture fluid. A posterior chamber is placed on an opposite side of the semipermeable separation film, which is opposite from the anterior chamber. The posterior chamber receives the separated fuel component, which is separated by the semipermeable separation film.

A method of isolating target nucleic acid molecules from a solution comprising a mixture of different size nucleic acid molecules, in the presence or absence of other biomolecules, by selectively facilitating the adsorption of a particular species of nucleic acid molecule to the functional group-coated surface of magnetically responsive paramagnetic microparticles is disclosed. Separation is accomplished by manipulating the ionic strength and polyalkylene glycol concentration of the solution to selectively precipitate, and reversibly adsorb, the target species of nucleic acid molecule, characterized by a particular molecular size, to paramagnetic microparticles, the surfaces of which act as a bioaffinity adsorbent for the nucleic acids. The target nucleic acid is isolated from the starting mixture based on molecular size and through the removal of magnetic beads to which the target nucleic acid molecules have been adsorbed. The disclosed method provides a simple, robust and readily automatable means of nucleic acid isolation and purification which produces high quality nucleic acid molecules suitable for: capillary electrophoresis, nucleotide sequencing, reverse transcription cloning the transfection, transduction or microinjection of mammalian cells, gene therapy protocols, the in vitro synthesis of RNA probes, cDNA library construction and PCR amplification.

A method for estimating a property of subsurface material includes extracting a sample of the material using a downhole formation tester and performing a plurality of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements on a sensitive volume in the sample where each measurement in the plurality is performed in a static homogeneous magnetic field with a pulsed magnetic field gradient that is different in magnitude from other NMR measurements to provide a waveform signal. The method further includes transforming each received waveform signal from a time domain into a frequency domain and comparing the frequency domain signal to a reference to provide proton chemical-shift information related to a chemical property of one or more molecules in the sample and transforming the frequency domain signals into a complex number domain that quantifies waveform signal amplitude changes to provide one or more diffusion rates with each diffusion rate being associated with a corresponding frequency.

The invention discloses natural perfume refining fluid suitable for cigarette fluid of electronic cigarettes and cigarette fluid and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of cigarette fluid of electronic cigarettes. Separation and impurity removal are performed on natural perfume such as extract, tincture and absolute oil through a macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography technology, high-boiling-point components such as monosaccharide and disaccharide and macromolecular components such as protein, polysaccharide and pectin in the natural perfume are simultaneously and effectively removed according to the differences of polarities and molecular sizes of all the components in the mixture, the components unfavorable for the smoking mouthfeel of the electronic cigarettes are removed, and the problem that charring flavor is generated due to the fact that the substances are deposited on heating wires is solved; meanwhile, the solubleness of the natural perfume in propylene glycol and glycerinum is improved, therefore, the cigarette fluid of the electronic cigarettes becomes clear and bright, the emission performance of perfume is significantly improved, the sweet greasy feeling is reduced, and the sensory effect is significantly improved.

The invention relates to a non-interpenetrating chiral MOF (metal organic framework) stationary phase, its preparation method and application in enantiomer separation in HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). The stationary phase is a non-interpenetrating chiral three-dimensional porous framework complex with a structural formula as {[ZnL].H2O}n. An asymmetric structural unit {[ZnL].H2O} of the complex is composed of a Zn<2+>, an L ligand and a guest water molecule. The L ligand is -NH- containing chiral pyridine carboxylic acid, its chemical composition is [(N-(4-pyridylmethyl)-L-leucine.HBr)], and its molecular formula is C12H19BrN2O2. Chiral amino acid and 4-pyridylaldehyde are selected as raw materials to synthesize the-NH- containing pyridine carboxylic acid chiral ligand by a one-step process. The ligand and zinc acetate are adopted as raw materials to undergo room temperature diffusion so as to obtain the MOF stationary phase. The material provided in the invention has uniform chiral helical channel, uniform aperture and orifice, and can be used for separation of chiral drugs and other enantiomers. The separation is selectively dependent on the size of a separated enantiomer molecular size, but is not dependent on the functional group of the separated enantiomer. Thus, the non-interpenetrating chiral MOF stationary phase has the characteristics of traditional zeolite molecular sieve separation.

The present invention relates to preparation process and application of nanometer Bi12SiO20 powder. The preparation process of nanometer Bi12SiO20 powder includes the first dissolving Bi salt in one solvent to form Bi containing solution of Bi salt concentration 0.5-5 M, adding organic Si compound in the Bi/Si molar ratio of 12 into the Bi containing solution to form homogeneous sol through full stirring, evaporating the sol at normal or negative pressure to obtain dry precursor powder, and final sintering the precursor powder in aerobic condition to obtain the nanometer Bi12SiO20 powder. The present invention realizes the homogeneous mixing of initial materials in molecular size, so as to prepare nanometer Bi12SiO20 powder with high purity and high crystallization degree in relatively low temperature and relatively short time. The nanometer Bi12SiO20 powder has high photocatalytic activity and may be used in photocatalysis to degrade one pollutant.

The present invention provides protein hydrolysate compositions, processes for making protein hydrolysate compositions, and food products comprising protein hydrolysate compositions. The protein hydrolysate compositions generally comprise a mixture of oligopeptides having an average molecular size of less than about 10,000 Daltons, wherein at least about 60% of the oligopeptides are soluble at a pH of less than about 7.0.

The invention discloses a preparation method of bonding polyaniline on surfaces of styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion particles, relating to the field of preparation of styrene-acrylate emulsion which is chemically modified on the surface of conductive polyaniline. The styrene-acrylate emulsion containing a phosphoric acid functional group is firstly prepared by adopting a miniemulsion polymerization method, and then a suspension and dispersion solution which bonds the polyaniline on the surfaces of the styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion particles is prepared by aniline in-situ oxidation polymerization. The functional emulsion obtained by the method disclosed by the invention has the following advantages: the polyaniline is dispersed in the styrene-acrylate copolymer emulsion in a molecular size; and excellent interface bonding force exists between the polyaniline and a matrix of a styrene-acrylate copolymer due to electrostatic interaction.

Disclosed is a spiral wound carbon membrane and preparation method thereof. The spiral wound carbon membrane is composed of one or more integral and windable membrane layers composed of a porous support and carbon materials containing fillers filled in the surface, pores and gaps thereof. The spiral wound carbon membrane has a developed ultramicropore porous structure with superior mechanical strength and toughness, and can be directly used to separate a gas mixture with different molecular sizes or liquid mixture.