The invention discloses an efficient gun barrel bore chromium plating additive and a plating solution thereof. The additive mainly comprises methyl sulfonic salt, sodium bromide and magnesium sulfate, and the plating solution mainly comprises CrO3, H2SO4, Fe3+ and Cr3+. By applying the additive and the plating solution to gun barrel bore chromium plating, qualified rate of gun barrel bore chromium coatings can be improved significantly, current efficiency is improved and can reach 20%-27%, chromium coating deposition velocity is increased and is 2-3 times of that of traditional hard chromium plating, gun barrel bore chromium plating time is shortened, and energy consumption in the chromium plating process is reduced. In the aspect of chromium coating performances, chromium coating hardness is enhanced beneficially, chromium loss rate after shooting of a gun barrel is decreased, chromium coating quality is improved remarkably, the chromium coatings are fine, and bright and uniform in thickness, throwing power of the plating solution is high, cone difference is reduced, inner wall chromium plating of deep-barrel parts can be completed only one-time plating to enable cone difference thereof to meet process standards, reversing chromium plating is not needed, chromium plating efficiency is improved greatly, time is saved, and cost of deep-barrel inner wall chromium plating is lowered. The additive is fluoride-free, small in anodic corrosion and capable of effectively protecting anodes.