The invention provides a cathode of a cold-cathode X-ray tube. The cathode of the cold-cathode X-ray tube comprises a cathode base and a grid electrode, wherein the cathode base is composed of an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder which are coaxially arranged, the section of the cathode base is in an inverted-T shape, a cathode bar through hole is formed in the central axis of the cathode base, a cathode bar is arranged in the through hole, the three-dimensional size of the cathode bar can be controlled, an electron emitter is arranged on a cathode head, the grid electrode is of an cup-shaped structure, an inverted-T-shaped groove which is matched with the cathode base is formed inside the grid electrode, the cathode base can be embedded in the groove of the grid electrode and does not make contact with the inner wall of the grid electrode, and a semi-conical electron transmission hole used for focusing electrons emitted by the cathode is formed in the center of the grid electrode. According to the cathode of the cold-cathode X-ray tube, the cold cathode made of carbon nanomaterials is used as the X-ray tube of an electron emission source, and preparation of the cathode and the emission area can be effectively controlled through the size of the cathode bar; the three-pole structure is adopted, a small focus point can be obtained through focusing of the grid electrode, and the resolution ratio of X-ray imaging is increased.