The invention discloses a chaos based Enigma encryption method, which relates to an encryption system and is used for data and information protection. By using the method disclosed by the invention, the cyclicity problem of Enigma is improved, a cycle is expanded through chaotic mapping, and each input value mapped in the process of plain-text encryption is determined by a state value of the chaotic mapping every time, so that even in a long plain text, a periodic characteristic is difficult to occur; the distribution of passwords is better, in the Enigma encryption method disclosed by the invention, through combining with nonlinear chaotic mapping, an encryption process is completely non-linearized, so that the randomness of generated ciphertexts is better; because each ciphertext is associated with a front encrypted plain text, a slightest modification on the plain text causes a great change of the ciphertext, therefore, the method has a good avalanche effect, and can be widely applied to various mediums such as texts and images and the like; and obtained encryption results have good expressions on encryption effect and histograms thereof, adjacent pixel correlation analysis, differential attack analysis and text encryption.