The invention discloses an air supply spraying device based on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The device comprises a flight mechanism, a connecting rod, a nozzle and a liquid storage cavity, wherein the nozzle is fixed on the flight mechanism through the connecting rod, the nozzle is connected with the liquid storage cavity, the liquid storage cavity is installed on the flight mechanism, and the air supply spraying device further comprises a control system and an air supply mechanism, the air supply mechanism is connected with a connecting arm of the flight mechanism, the nozzle and the air supply mechanism are both located between two groups of rotors of the flight mechanism, the air supply mechanism comprises a duct, an air duct, a steering engine set and a supporting frame, the duct is connected with the air duct, the lower end of the air duct is connected with the steering engine set, and the steering engine set is connected with the connecting arm through the supporting frame; and the duct and the steering engine set are connected with the control system. According to the air supply spraying device, under the interaction of existing rotor airflows of the air supply mechanism and the flight mechanism, when the spray head sprays, a steering engine set in the air supply mechanism rotates back and forth, so that liquid spray drifts obviously in the air, the residence time of the spray in the air is prolonged, and the deposition area of the spray is increased.