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This application provides a method and system for treating domestic sewage, belonging to the field of sewage treatment technology. The method includes the following steps: S1: The domestic sewage to be treated flows sequentially through an anoxic reaction tank and an aerobic reaction tank, both tanks being filled with multi-metal catalytic functional packing material; S2: The effluent is introduced into a membrane separation tank for sludge-water separation to obtain treated water and sludge; S3: A portion of the sludge generated in the membrane separation tank is returned to the anoxic reaction tank; S4: A portion of the treated water is extracted and introduced into a functional water preparation unit to generate functional water; S5: The functional water is divided into a first path and a second path in a certain proportion, with the first path flowing into the bottom of the membrane separation tank and the second path flowing into the aerobic reaction tank. This invention enhances the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect through multi-metal catalytic functional packing material, and utilizes the aeration and flushing effect of functional water to alleviate membrane fouling in the membrane separation tank, extending the membrane's service life. The resulting effluent quality is stable and meets current domestic sewage discharge requirements.