This application provides a method, apparatus, and device for online real-time source apportionment of VOCs. The method includes: screening atmospheric VOCs
receptor samples to obtain a first
receptor data matrix; when it is determined that there is no local source component spectrum corresponding to the
receptor sample, performing a source-free
spectrum analysis process including: performing PCA on the first receptor
data matrix, obtaining principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1 in each source component, calculating the cumulative contribution rate of eigenvalues of N principal components, determining the number of first sources as the number of factors based on the cumulative contribution rate of eigenvalues, running PMF to decompose the first receptor
data matrix to obtain a source component spectrum matrix; calculating the
correlation coefficient and
mass percentage based on the source component spectrum matrix to obtain the number of second sources; identifying sources that meet the number of second sources based on a preset
pollution source characteristic tracer material
library and source component spectrum matrix, obtaining source identification results, and performing
trend analysis using the source identification results.