The invention discloses a microwave pyrolysis system and a use method thereof. According to the microwave pyrolysis system, microwave generators are arranged on a microwave pyrolysis segment, an activated carbon segment and a graphite segment respectively, baffles and a dust cover are arranged in the microwave pyrolysis segment from bottom to top in sequence, powdered coal is subjected to pyrolysis on the microwave pyrolysis segment, meanwhile, raw coke oven gas and a small number of dust are generated, the raw coke oven gas carries the dust to go upwards, when passing through the multiple layers of baffles in the microwave pyrolysis segment, a large number of the dust is stopped, and goes down under the action of gravity, a small number of the dust is carried by the raw coke oven gas continuously to go upwards to the dust cover, the dust is further isolated, through the microwave generators, heating is conducted, microwave pyrolysis has the characters of a unique heat conduction law,overall even heating of the interior and the exterior, high heating speed and selective heating, pyrolysis can be conducted on coal, oil sludge and oil shale materials, the pyrolysis efficiency is improved, the pyrolysis product yield and the product quality are improved, the content of the obtained raw coke oven gas and obtained nitrogen is controlled, and the high-quality raw coke oven gas can be obtained.