87results about How to "Prevent reoxidation" patented technology

The present invention provides a method for removing charged defects from a material stack including a high k gate dielectric and a metal contact such that the final gate stack, which is useful in forming a pFET device, has a threshold voltage substantially within the silicon band gap and good carrier mobility. Specifically, the present invention provides a re-oxidation procedure that will restore the high k dielectric of a pFET device to its initial, low-defect state. It was unexpectedly determined that by exposing a material stack including a high k gate dielectric and a metal to dilute oxygen at low temperatures will substantially eliminate oxygen vacancies, resorting the device threshold to its proper value. Furthermore, it was determined that if dilute oxygen is used, it is possible to avoid undue oxidation of the underlying semiconductor substrate which would have a deleterious effect on the capacitance of the final metal-containing gate stack. The present invention also provides a semiconductor structure that includes at least one gate stack that has a threshold voltage within a control range and has good carrier mobility.

The invention provides compositions containing hemoglobin, particularly PEGylated hemoglobin. The PEGylated hemoglobin molecule is capable of transferring oxygen or carbon monoxide bound thereto to a tissue with which it is in proximity. Exemplary PEGylated hemoglobin formulations of the invention are virally inactivated. Various compositions of the invention include deoxygenated hemoglobin, which may be conjugated with one or more water-soluble polymer. PEGylated hemoglobin includes those species in which the iron atom of the hemoglobin molecule is not bound to oxygen or any other species, and hemoglobin molecules in which a species other than oxygen, e.g., carbon monoxide, is bound to the iron atom. The compositions of the invention are formulated as hypo-, iso- or hypertonic solutions of the PEGylated hemoglobin. The compositions are of use to treat and/or ameliorate disease, injury and insult by providing for the oxygenation of tissues and/organs.

The present invention provides a process for forming a copper fine particle sintered product type of a fine-shaped electric conductor showing superior electroconductivity, which comprises steps of drawing a fine pattern with the use of a dispersion containing the copper fine particles having a surface oxide film layer, conducting a treatment for reducing the copper fine particles with the surface oxide film layer or copper oxide fine particles included in the pattern at a comparatively low temperature, and baking the resultant copper fine particles. Specifically, the process carries out the processes of; applying a dispersion containing the copper fine particles having the surface oxide film layer thereon or the copper oxide fine particles with an average particle diameter of 10 μm or smaller onto a substrate; and then performing a series of the heat treatment steps of heating the particles in the coated layer at temperature of 350° C. or lower under an atmosphere containing a vapor and a gas of a compound having reducibility to reduce the oxide film by a reduction reaction which used the compound having reducibility as a reducing agent, subsequently repeating a heat treatment combining an oxidizing treatment of a short time with a re-reducing treatment, and sintering the resultant copper fine particles with each other to form a layer of the sintered product.

An energy efficient, coal-based method and apparatus that are environmentally friendly which produce under pressure metallized/carbon product and molten metal directly from abundant coal or other carbonaceous material, and low cost fines (or ore concentrate) wherein the metal is devoid of gangue material and possesses the inherent advantage of retaining the heat for subsequent processing. This method and apparatus which are modular and highly integrated significantly reduce capital and operating costs; they also provide the capability selective placement of the reductant for the delivery of high levels of thermal energy input which leads to ease of desulflurization and high productivity. The technology herein disclosed is entirely closed and is applicable to various ores including ferrous and non-ferrous.

An optical semiconductor apparatus can be configured by mounting an optical semiconductor element on a package substrate using a solder paste. The optical semiconductor apparatus can include a package substrate and a metal die pad formed on the substrate, and an optical semiconductor element bonded to the die pad with a solder material. The substrate can be made of a ceramic base material. A plurality of through holes can be formed in the substrate so that the through holes penetrate both the substrate base material and the die pad. Each of the through holes can have an inner surface where the ceramic base material is exposed. Each through hole can have an opening diameter greater than or equal to 40 μm and less than or equal to 100 μm. The plurality of through holes can be formed such that the total area of the openings of the through holes is 50% or less of the bonded area between the optical semiconductor element and the die pad including the through holes covered with the solder material. The through holes can be covered with the solder material at the upper end thereof where the optical semiconductor element and the die pad are bonded to each other.

Reduction process and relative plant for the production of metallic iron by means of the direct reduction of iron ore, in which a reduction shaft is connected to a source of reducing gas obtained from the gasification of coal. The process advantageously comprises a step in which a portion or all of the synthesis gas entering the plant circuit is processed to separate the methane from the rest of the components of said synthesis gas. The advantageous management of the extracted methane enables the entire reduction process to be optimized, making the efficiency of the process independent of the methane content in the original synthesis gas and making it possible to control the carbon content of the product more accurately and more easily.

Manufacturing method and circuit module, which comprises an insulator layer (1) and, inside the insulator layer (1), at least one component (6), which comprises contact areas (7), the material of which contains a first metal. On the surface of the insulator layer (1) are conductors (22), which comprise at least a first layer (12) and a second layer (32), in such a way that at least the second layer (32) contains a second metal. The circuit module comprises contact elements between the contact areas (7) and the conductors (22) for forming electrical contacts. The contact elements, for their part, comprise, on the surface of the material of the contact area (7), an intermediate layer (2), which contains a third metal, in such a way that the first, second, and third metals are different metals and the contact surface area (A_{CONT 1}), between the intermediate layer (2) and the contact area (7) is less that the surface area (A_PAD) of the contact area (7).

The invention discloses an aluminum powder surface self-activation method. The method includes steps: adding aluminum powder into an anhydrous solvent, mixing, and stirring to disperse uniformly to form aluminum powder dispersion liquid; dissolving organic fluoride into a solvent to form organic fluorine solution, adding the organic fluorine solution into the aluminum powder dispersion liquid by acertain rate, and stirring to volatilize the solvent in which the organic fluoride is dissolved at a certain temperature, so that organic fluoride is slowly separated out by crystallization on the aluminum powder surface to form a compact surface activation layer; centrifugally separating to remove the solvent, washing, and performing vacuum drying at 60 DEG C to obtain organic fluorine surface self-activated aluminum powder. By forming of the organic fluorine self-activation layer on the aluminum powder surface, the aluminum powder ignition temperature can be effectively lowered while ignition delay time is shortened, combustion efficiency of aluminum powder in oxidants is improved while the energy releasing rate is increased, and the organic fluorine surface activation layer is effective in aluminum powder oxidation, so that stability is improved.

The present invention provides a method of producing metallic iron nuggets with a high yield and good productivity, and more particularly a method which can produce metallic iron nuggets which have a high Fe purity and are excellent in transporting and handling due to a large grain diameter with a high yield and good productivity, when they are produced by reducing and melting raw material containing iron oxide such as iron ore and carbonaceous reducing agent such as coke. The method of producing metallic iron nuggets comprises steps of: heating raw material containing carbonaceous reducing agent and iron oxide-containing material in a reducing/melting furnace, reducing iron oxide in the raw material, and then heating and melting the metallic iron produced by the reduction and simultaneously making it coalesce while separating the metallic iron nuggets from slag components characterized in that the fixed carbon content ratio as the carbonaceous reducing agent is at least 73% and the volatile matter content in the raw material is not more than 3.9% are used, and the mixing content of carbonaceous reducing agent is restrained to be not more than 45% in relation to the iron oxide components, which is contained in the iron oxide-containing material of the raw material.

Bedding carbon material (H) is charged onto the hearth of rotary hearth furnace (14), and carbon-material-incorporated pellets (D) containing powdery iron ore (A) and powdery coal (B) are placed on the bedding carbon material (H). The hearth is caused to pass through the inside of the rotary hearth furnace (14) to thereby attain not only heating reduction of the carbon-material-incorporated pellets (D) into solid reduced iron (F) but also heating dry distillation of the bedding carbon material (H) into char (G). Subsequently, these solid reduced iron (F) and char (G) substantially without cooling are charged into iron bath type melting furnace (16), and simultaneously oxygen gas is blown thereinto. The solid reduced iron (F) is melted, thereby obtaining molten iron (K). At least part of wastegas (M) from the iron bath type melting furnace (16) is subjected to cooling and dust removal and thereafter used as a fuel gas for the rotary hearth furnace (14).

The invention discloses a method for preparing metal and magnesium sulfide with metal sulfide. The method is characterized in that metal sulfide powder or a metal sulfide sheet formed by pressing is compounded with a current collector to be used as a cathode, graphite is taken as an anode, electrolyzation is performed for 1-4h in molten magnesium chloride or a mixture of magnesium chloride and alkali metal chloride with the working temperature being 400-750 DEG C and the electrolysis voltage being 1.0-2.6V, wherein the working temperature is higher than a melting point of a corresponding metalproduct, at the inert atmosphere, and a cathode product is corresponding molten metal and the magnesium sulfide; after the product is cooled, and separated metal is taken out, ultrasonic cleaning isperformed by adopting dimethyl sulfoxide to obtain the magnesium sulfide. The invention provides the method for preparing metal and magnesium sulfide with metal sulfide, which is low in energy consumption and safe in process and is environmentally friendly.

Radical in a plasma generation chamber is supplied to a process chamber through an introducing aperture, and HF gas is supplied as a process gas from the vicinity of the radical introducing aperture. A native oxide film of the substrate surface of a IV group semiconductor doped an impurity is removed, with a good surface roughness equal to the wet cleaning. The substrate after the surface treatment is deposited with a metal material and metal silicide formation by thermal treatment is performed, and during these processes, the substrate is not exposed to the atmosphere, and a good contact resistance equal to or better than the wet process is obtained.

The invention provides a method and device for producing micron-sized superfine iron powder through regenerative iron red. The method includes the steps that protective gas is injected into a reduction furnace tube, the regenerative iron red recovered in the cold rolling and acid pickling processes serves as a raw material, reducing gas is injected in the reverse direction after the raw material is conveyed to the reduction furnace tube, the raw material and the gas make sufficient contact at the heating section in the reduction furnace tube by rotating spiral blades in the reduction furnace tube, and the regenerative iron red is reduced to micron-sized superfine Fe, and Fe is output and stored through an airflow classifier after reaction. The produced micron-sized superfine iron powder is good in performance, control is easy, continuous production can be achieved, and the device is simple in structure and low in cost.

A solder composition of the invention contains solder powders and a flux composition. The flux composition contains (A) a resin and (B) an activator. The (B) component contains (B1) an organic acid, and (B2) a pyridine compound represented by a formula (1) below. A chlorine concentration is 900 mass ppm or less, a bromine concentration is 900 mass ppm or less, an iodine concentration is 900 mass ppm or less and a total halogen concentration is 1500 mass ppm or less in the solder composition.

In the formula (1), X¹, X² and X³ are the same or different, each of X¹, X² and X³ representing a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group or a propyl group, and all of X¹, X² and X³ are not simultaneously hydrogen atoms.

The invention provides a method for recovering iron from high-iron bauxite. The method comprises the steps that S1, high-iron bauxite powder is placed in a closed reduction furnace, flare gas is introduced into the reduction furnace, heating reduction is conducted, and reduction materials are obtained; and S2, the reduction materials are ground and then subjected to magnetic separation, thus magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings are obtained, the magnetic separation concentrate is iron concentrate, and the magnetic separation tailings are aluminum oxide enrichment ores. The iron in the high-iron bauxite can be recovered, meanwhile, the flare gas is utilized, and atmospheric pollution generated by flare gas burning of petrochemical enterprises is avoided. The invention further provides a method for extracting aluminum from the high-iron bauxite. The method comprises the steps that A1, the high-iron bauxite is treated through the method for recovering the ironfrom the high-iron bauxite, and thus magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings are obtained; A2, the magnetic separation tailings, ammonium sulfate and water are evenly mixed and then roasted to obtain roasted clinker; and A3, the roasted clinker is dissolved out and separated to obtain an aluminum-containing solution and aluminum-extracting slag. Iron, the aluminum and silicon in the magnetic separation tailings are separated, and the purpose of comprehensive utilization of the high-iron bauxite is achieved.

The present invention provides a melt treating apparatus and a melt treating method applied thereto, the apparatus comprising: a container having a melt injection part arranged at an upper portion thereof and a hole formed through a bottom portion thereof; an induction member installed to be spaced from the melt injection part to a hole side; a gas injection part installed on a bottom portion while being spaced from the induction member to a melt injection part side; and a chamber part extending in a widthwise direction, with the inside thereof open downward, and being arranged on an upper portion of the container so as to face the induction member and the gas injection part. In treating the melt, the induction member and the gas injection part are used to form a rotating current of the melt, and the rotating current can be used to effectively remove an inclusion.