The invention discloses a differential GPS based tracked autonomous navigation robot and navigation method thereof. The robot includes a left DC brushless motor, a right DC brushless motor, a left rotary encoder, a right rotary encoder, a dual DC brushless motor driver, a vehicle-mounted antenna, a vehicle-mounted board card, an industrial control computer, a lithium battery pack, a network camera, a front GNSS receiver, a rear GNSS receiver, an image and data transmission radio station, and a 3D laser radar. The navigation method includes: manually and remotely control the robot to move firstly, reading and recording differential GPS data and encoder data in real time, and establishing original trajectory information and saving the original trajectory information as a standard file; correcting and optimizing an original trajectory to obtain a planned trajectory; and finally allowing the industrial control computer to read the differential GPS data, obtaining a pose of the current robot, comparing the pose and the pre-stored trajectory information to obtain a pose error, inputting the pose error into a feedback control law, obtaining a control output, and realizing trajectory tracking. The differential GPS based tracked autonomous navigation robot and navigation method has advantages of accurate positioning, accurate control and high stability.