The invention discloses a rear energy storage type super-high speed plasticizing injection device, and belongs to the field of high molecular material machining equipment. The device mainly comprises a nozzle, a barrel, a screw, a heating ring, a charging bucket, an injection table, a charging bucket seat, a hydraulic motor, an injection oil cylinder and a spring adjusting device, wherein the nozzle, the barrel, the charging bucket seat, the hydraulic motor and the injection oil cylinder are connected in alignment with an axis in turn; the super-high speed plasticizing injection device is substantially the same as the plasticizing injection device of the normal injection molding machine; the injection oil cylinder consists of a cylinder barrel, an injection piston, an injection piston rod, a pressure sensor and a speed increasing spring; the speed increasing spring is positioned in an oil chamber of the injection oil cylinder and is close to the tail end; and one end of the speed increasing spring is fixed with the end face of the injection piston, and the end close to the tail end of the injection oil cylinder is a free end or is connected with the spring adjusting device. Energyis stored by the rear control spring energy storage device, and is released during injection to improve the screw injection speed, so that the technical requirement of super-high speed injection is met, and the defects of high cost, difficulty in maintenance, high energy consumption and the like of the conventional super-high speed injection molding machine are overcome well.